Glossary
A
Aspectual linker β in aspect stacking, an aspect-specific vowel that gets attached before the consonant of the next aspect.
B
Blank suffix β verbal suffix, which lacks regular number-person marker.
E
Δ-gradation β change of present tense leading vowels of passive between -π΄- in indicative, optative and volitive moods, -π Μ- in dubitative and conditional, -π°ΜπΉ- in hypothetical and -πΉπ΄- in imperative.
F
Fine consonant cluster β a consonant cluster, consisting of a fricative-plosive pair.
L
Leading vowel β vowel, which precedes the number-person marker of a verb.
Level β see vowel level
N
Non-singular cluster β a case-specific consonant or consonant cluster, which is used in regular cases to procude regular non-sigular forms in nouns and adjectives.
O
Ε-gradation β change of present tense leading vowels of gnomic-iterational between -π- in indicative, optative and volitive moods, -πΉπΏ- in dubitative and conditional, -π°ΜπΏ- in hypothetical and -πΉπ- in imperative.
Oblique case β any case except nominative, vocative and accusative.
Odd vowels β verb conjugation pattern, in which leading vowels change levels in some suffixes.
Q
Quadruple shift β a process similar to the triple shift, in which the leading vowel changes (degrades) through levels "π°ΜπΏ", "π°ΜπΉ", "π°Μ" and "πΏΜ" through different moods and number-persons. Occurs in durative-static aspect.
R
Regular case β a noun / adjective case which produces non-sigular forms through a case-specific non-singular cluster.
S
Spirant law or Germanic spirant law β transformation of consonants "π³", "π" and "πΈ" into "π"; "π±" and "π" into "π"; "π²" and "πΊ" into "π" when followed by "π" or "πΈ" (the latter becomes "π"). If results in a cluster "ππ", it often (but not necessarily) undergoes t-assimilation.
Standard form β any noun form which is not a separate dual animate form.
Strong noun β noun which has a thematic vowel while not having a consonant-centered ablauting paradigm. It contrasts with weak nouns, which have a thematic vowel while having their conjugation centered around a consonant -π½- and static consonant stems, which do not have an ablauting paradigm while not having a thematic vowel.
T
T-assimilation - transformation of "ππ" cluster, produced by the spirant law, into "ππ".
Thematic vowel β a noun class-specific vowel, generally appears in compounds or in regular duals/plurals. The thematic vowel is displayed in the class name for strong and weak nouns, while for consonant and static consonant stems (except nd-stems) the vowel -πΏ- is used as a thematic one.
Triple shift β a process of the base aspect verbs (as well as the verbs of the most other aspects), in which the leading vowel changes (degrades) through levels "πΉ", "π°" and "πΏ" through different moods and number-persons.
V
Vowel level β different leading vowels of triple shifting and quadruple shifting verbs which change depending on grammatical mood and number-person.
W
Weak noun β noun which has a thematic vowel while having a declension focused around a consonant -π½-. Unlike the consonant stems, weak nouns have their -π½- dropped in nominative singular, and they have their own form of ablaut: the circular ablaut which does not align with the regular consonant stem ablauting.