Allative case

Allative case is generally used to mark direction into. Together with locative and ablative, allative forms the so called "triad" cases, frequently encountered with postpositions of location.

Like other locative cases, allative case has suffixed subcases:

Suffixed subcases are placed right after the case consonant / cluster, but before the dual / paucal marker and the indefinitives.

Allative case is a regular new oblique and has a non-singular cluster "𐍃𐍄".

Usages

1. Allative of destination

Describes a general direction into (into whom? into what?).

Examples

𐍈𐌴𐌷
"with every"
𐍈𐌰𐌢𐌿𐌷 - each one
irregular
instr. sg.
𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰
"with day"
πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πƒ - day
m. a-stem inan.
instr. sg.
π†π‚πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
"children"
π†π‚πŒ°πƒπ„πƒ - child
m. i-stem anim.
nom. pl.
πƒπŒΊπŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒ»πŒ°πŒΈ
"into school"
πƒπŒΊπŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒ»πŒ° - school
f. ō-stem
all. sg.
πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π‰πŒ½πŒ³
"they are going every time"
𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 - to go
suppl. S-VIIc1-𐌲𐌰
Imp GNIT
pres. ag. ind. 3pPL
Β·
The children go to school every day.
πŒ²πŒΉπƒπ„π‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπƒ
"tomorrow"
πŒ²πŒΉπƒπ„π‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπƒ - tomorrow
πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πŒΏπŒΈ
"into city"
πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ - city
f. sc-stem
all. sg.
π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
"I am riding"
π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ½ - to ride
S-I-𐌲𐌰
Imp BASE
pres. ag. ind. 1pSG
Β·
Tomorrow I will go to the city.
πŒ²πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°π„πƒπŒ»πŒ°πƒπ„
"into restaurants"
πŒ²πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°π„πƒπŒ» - restaurant
nt. a-stem
all. pl.
πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πŒ»πŒ°Μ„πŒ½
"to generally go regularly"
𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 - to go
suppl. S-VIIc1-𐌲𐌰
Imp FREQ DUST
ag. inf.
πƒπŒ°ΜƒπŒΏπŒΌπŒ°Μ„
"I generally like"
πƒπŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½ - to like
PP-IIa-𐌲𐌰
Imp DUST
pres. ag. ind. 1pSG
Β·
I like going to the restaurants.

2. Allative of duration

Used to mark until what the action lasts. It is used with time periods specifically, and unlike the exclusionary "acc. + 𐌿𐌽𐌳" construction, temporal allative includes the allative noun as the final timeframe in which something is going to happen.

Examples

π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ³πŒΎπ‰πƒπŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΈ
"into Friday"
π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ³πŒΎπ‰πƒπŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πƒ - Friday
m. a-stem inan.
all. sg.
πŒΌπŒΉπƒ
"to me"
𐌹𐌺 - I
dat.
𐌸𐌰
"that"
𐌸𐌰 - that
irreg.
nt. nom. sg.
πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²
"you one shall bring"
πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½ - to bring
H-I-𐌲𐌰
GenP BASE
pres. ag. imp. 2pSG
Β·
Bring it to me until Friday.
πŒ·πŒΏΜ„π‡π‚πŒΏπƒ
"famine"
πŒ·πŒΏΜ„π‡π‚πŒΏπƒ - famine
m. u-stem inan.
nom. sg.
πŒΎπŒ΄π‚πŒ°πŒΈ
"into year"
πŒΎπŒ΄π‚ - year
nt. a-stem inan.
all. pl.
1922
𐍄𐍂𐍉
"it lasted"
π„π‚πŒ°πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ - to last
S-VI-𐌲𐌰 JP
Imp BASE
past ag. ind. 3pSG
Β·
The famine lasted until 1922.
𐌸𐌰
"that"
πƒπŒ° - that
irreg.
acc. pl.
π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ½
"house"
π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ½ - house
nt. a-stem
acc. sg.
πŒΌπŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°
"at least"
πŒΌπŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°πŒ±πŒ° - at least
πŒΎπŒΏΜ„πŒ»πŒΉπŒΏπŒΈ
"into July"
πŒΎπŒΏΜ„πŒ»πŒΉπŒΏπƒ - July
m. u-stem inan.
all. sg.
π„πŒΉπŒΌπ‚πŒ°Μ„πŒ½πŒ³
"they generally build"
π„πŒΉπŒΌπ‚πŒ°πŒ½ - to build
S-III-𐌲𐌰
Imp BASE
pres. ag. ind. 3pPL
Β·
They are going to build this house at least until July.

3. Translative allative

With the verbs of change, allative is used to mark a state to which the subject is going to transition into.

With the verb π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπŒ°πŒ½ specifically, allative is often helps distinguishing future tense constructions, which use nominative case, and translative constructions with the meaning "to become".

πŒ°π†πŒ»πŒ΄π„πŒΉπŒΈπŒΏ
"graduation"
πŒ°π†πŒ»πŒ΄π„πŒΉπŒΈπŒ° - graduation
f. ō-stem
acc. sg.
πŒ°π†πŒ°π‚
"after"
πŒ°π†πŒ°π‚ - after
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΈ
"into scientist"
πŒ»πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ - scientist
GP-JAS: f. jō-stem
all. sg.
πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°π‚πŒΈ
"she became"
π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπŒ°πŒ½ - become
S-III-𐌲𐌰
GenP BASE
past ag. ind. 3pSG
Β·
After graduating, she became a scientist.
𐌷𐌹
"this"
πŒ·πŒΉπƒ - this
irreg.
nt. acc. sg. (inan.)
π‚πŒΏΜ„πŒΌ
"room"
π‚πŒΏΜ„πŒΌ - room
nt. a-stem inan.
acc. sg.
πŒΊπŒΏΜ„πŒΊπŒ°πŒΈ
"into dumpster"
πŒΊπŒΏΜ„πŒΊπŒ° - dumpstar
f. ō-stem
all. sg.
πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‡π„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΊ
"you few made"
π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ - to work, to make
H-II-𐌲𐌰
GenP BASE
past ag. ind. 2pPA
!
You turned this room into a garbage dump!

Formation

Strong nouns

Singular Dual in. Dual an. Paucal Plural
nt. a-stem -𐌰𐌸 -πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒ°πƒπ„
m. a-stem -𐌰𐌸 -πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒ°πƒπ„
f. ō-stem -𐌰𐌸 -π‰πƒπ„πŒ° -π‰πƒπ„πŒΉ -𐍉𐍃𐍄
nt. ja-stem -𐌾𐌰𐌸 -πŒΎπŒ°πƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΎπŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΎπŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΎπŒ°πƒπ„
m. ja-stem -𐌾𐌰𐌸 -πŒΎπŒ°πƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΎπŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΎπŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΎπŒ°πƒπ„
f. jō-stem -𐌾𐌰𐌸 -πŒΎπ‰πƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΎπ‰πƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΎπ‰πƒπ„
nt. wa-stem -π…πŒ°πŒΈ -π…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ° -π…πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -π…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉ -π…πŒ°πƒπ„
m. wa-stem -π…πŒ°πŒΈ -π…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ° -π…πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -π…πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉ -π…πŒ°πƒπ„
f. wō-stem -π…πŒ°πŒΈ -π…π‰πƒπ„πŒ° -π…π‰πƒπ„πŒΉ -𐍅𐍉𐍃𐍄
nt. i-stem -𐌹𐌸 -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΉπƒπ„
m. i-stem -𐌹𐌸 -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΉπƒπ„
f. i-stem -𐌰𐌹𐌸 -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΉπƒπ„
nt. ji-stem -𐌾𐌹𐌸 -πŒΎπŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΎπŒΉπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΎπŒΉπƒπ„
nt. u-stem -𐌿𐌸 -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΏπƒπ„
m. u-stem -𐌿𐌸 -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΏπƒπ„
f. u-stem -𐌿𐌸 -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΏπƒπ„

Strong nouns mainly use their thematic vowel followed by a suffix -𐌸 in singulars (notable exceptions are feminine i-stem which uses -𐌰𐌹- instead of a thematic vowel and feminine ō-stem which uses -𐌰-).

Weak nouns

Singular Dual in. Dual an. Paucal Plural
nt. an-stem -𐌹𐌽𐌸 -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒ°πƒπ„
m. an-stem -𐌹𐌽𐌸 -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒ°πƒπ„
f. ōn-stem -π‰πŒ½πŒΈ -π‰πƒπ„πŒ° -π‰πƒπ„πŒΉ -𐍉𐍃𐍄
nt. in-stem -𐌿𐌽𐌸 -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΉπƒπ„
m. in-stem -𐌿𐌽𐌸 -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΉπƒπ„
f. Δ«n-stem -𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌸 -πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπ„
nt. un-stem -𐌰𐌽𐌸 -πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΏπƒπ„
m. un-stem -𐌰𐌽𐌸 -πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΏπƒπ„
f. Ε«n-stem -πŒΏΜ„πŒ½πŒΈ -πŒΏΜ„πƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΏΜ„πƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΏΜ„πƒπ„

Weak singulars are ablauted and have a suffix -𐌸 after the -𐌽-.

Consonant stems

Singular Dual in. Dual an. Paucal Plural
nt. ct-stem -ax𐌿𐌸 -axπŒΏπƒπ„πŒ° -byπŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉ -cyπŒΏπƒπ„
m. ct-stem -ax𐌿𐌸 -axπŒΏπƒπ„πŒ° -axπŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -byπŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉ -cyπŒΏπƒπ„
f. ct-stem -ax𐌿𐌸 -axπŒΏπƒπ„πŒ° -byπŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉ -cyπŒΏπƒπ„
nt. d-ct-stem -ax𐌹𐌸 -axπŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -axπŒΏπƒπ„πŒ° -byπŒΉπƒπ„πŒΉ -cyπŒΉπƒπ„

This table uses the generalized consonant stem notation.

Allative is not a core oblique, therefore it uses a short unablauted vowel in singular consonant stems. The singular ending is -𐌿𐌸 after the consonant.

Static consonant stems

Singular Dual in. Dual an. Paucal Plural
nt. sc-stem -𐌿𐌸𐌿𐌸 -πŒΏπŒΈπŒΏπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΏπŒΈπŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΏπŒΈπŒΏπƒπ„
m. sc-stem -𐌿𐌸 -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΏπƒπ„
f. sc-stem -𐌿𐌸 -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒΏπƒπ„
m. nd-stem -𐌰𐌸 -πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ° -πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ° -πŒ°πƒπ„πŒΉ -πŒ°πƒπ„

All static consonant stems proper end in -𐌿𐌸 in singular. Meanwhile, nd-stems end in -𐌰𐌸.

Neuter consonant stems have an -𐌿𐌸- infix in all forms.