Semblative case
The primary usage of semblative case is to state that the action is made in a manner similar to the substantive in the case.
Semblative case is a regular new oblique and has a non-singular cluster "饜崋饜崈" (devoiced).
Usages
1. Semblative of similarity
Main usage of the semblative case. Marks similar to what or who the action is done.
Examples
2. Semblative of frequency
When used with measures of time (rarer - space, etc), semblative marks freqencies, akin to some usages of English adverbial -ly.
It generally marks frequency of frequentative actions and is not used with iterational GnIt, which requires strict timeframes.
Examples
3. Adverbial semblative
Can be used with independent adjectives to produce respective adverbs. In these cases the neuter singular semblative form is used.
Semblative adjectives, unlike regular deadjectival (-饜崏) adverbs, have extremely literal meanings attached to the original adjectives.
Examples
4. Semblative of abstract means
Used to describe method, approach, etc.
Examples
5. Semblative of state description
With nouns of states and condition, used to mark the state in which something has happened.
Examples
Formation
Strong nouns
| Singular | Dual in. | Dual an. | Paucal | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nt. a-stem | -饜尠饜尡饜尠 | -饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尠饜崋饜崈 |
| m. a-stem | -饜尠饜尡饜尠 | -饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尠饜崋饜崈 |
| f. 艒-stem | -饜尠饜尡饜尠 | -饜崏饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜崏饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜崏饜崋饜崈 | |
| nt. ja-stem | -饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠 | -饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尵饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尵饜尠饜崋饜崈 |
| m. ja-stem | -饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠 | -饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尵饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尵饜尠饜崋饜崈 |
| f. j艒-stem | -饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠 | -饜尵饜崏饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尵饜崏饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尵饜崏饜崋饜崈 | |
| nt. wa-stem | -饜崊饜尠饜尡饜尠 | -饜崊饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜崊饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜崊饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜崊饜尠饜崋饜崈 |
| m. wa-stem | -饜崊饜尠饜尡饜尠 | -饜崊饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜崊饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜崊饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜崊饜尠饜崋饜崈 |
| f. w艒-stem | -饜崊饜尠饜尡饜尠 | -饜崊饜崏饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜崊饜崏饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜崊饜崏饜崋饜崈 | |
| nt. i-stem | -饜尮饜尡饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尮饜崋饜崈 | |
| m. i-stem | -饜尮饜尡饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尮饜崋饜崈 | |
| f. i-stem | -饜尠饜尮饜尡饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尮饜崋饜崈 | |
| nt. ji-stem | -饜尵饜尮饜尡饜尠 | -饜尵饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尵饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尵饜尮饜崋饜崈 | |
| nt. u-stem | -饜尶饜尡饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尶饜崋饜崈 | |
| m. u-stem | -饜尶饜尡饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尶饜崋饜崈 | |
| f. u-stem | -饜尶饜尡饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尶饜崋饜崈 | |
Strong nouns mainly use their thematic vowel followed by a suffix -饜尡饜尠 in singulars (notable exceptions are feminine i-stem which uses -饜尠饜尮- instead of a thematic vowel and feminine 艒-stem which uses -饜尠-).
Weak nouns
| Singular | Dual in. | Dual an. | Paucal | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nt. an-stem | -饜尮饜尳饜尡饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尠饜崋饜崈 | |
| m. an-stem | -饜尮饜尳饜尡饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尠饜崋饜崈 | |
| f. 艒n-stem | -饜崏饜尳饜尡饜尠 | -饜崏饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜崏饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜崏饜崋饜崈 | |
| nt. in-stem | -饜尶饜尳饜尡饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尮饜崋饜崈 | |
| m. in-stem | -饜尶饜尳饜尡饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尮饜崋饜崈 |
| f. 墨n-stem | -饜尨饜尮饜尳饜尡饜尠 | -饜尨饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尨饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尨饜尮饜崋饜崈 | |
| nt. un-stem | -饜尠饜尳饜尡饜尠 | -饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尶饜崋饜崈 | |
| m. un-stem | -饜尠饜尳饜尡饜尠 | -饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尶饜崋饜崈 |
| f. 奴n-stem | -饜尶虅饜尳饜尡饜尠 | -饜尶虅饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尶虅饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尶虅饜崋饜崈 | |
Weak singulars are ablauted and have a suffix -饜尡饜尠 immediately after the -饜尳-.
Consonant stems
| Singular | Dual in. | Dual an. | Paucal | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nt. ct-stem | -ax饜尶饜尡饜尠 | -ax饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -by饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -cy饜尶饜崋饜崈 | |
| m. ct-stem | -ax饜尶饜尡饜尠 | -ax饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -ax饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -by饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -cy饜尶饜崋饜崈 |
| f. ct-stem | -ax饜尶饜尡饜尠 | -ax饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -by饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -cy饜尶饜崋饜崈 | |
| nt. d-ct-stem | -ax饜尮饜尡饜尠 | -ax饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -ax饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -by饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -cy饜尮饜崋饜崈 |
This table uses the generalized consonant stem notation.
Formal is not a core oblique, therefore it uses a short unablauted vowel in singular consonant stems. The singular ending is -饜尶饜尡饜尠 after the consonant.
Static consonant stems
| Singular | Dual in. | Dual an. | Paucal | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nt. sc-stem | -饜尶饜尭饜尶饜尡饜尠 | -饜尶饜尭饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尶饜尭饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尶饜尭饜尶饜崋饜崈 | |
| m. sc-stem | -饜尶饜尡饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尶饜崋饜崈 |
| f. sc-stem | -饜尶饜尡饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尶饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尶饜崋饜崈 | |
| m. nd-stem | -饜尠饜尡饜尠 | -饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尮饜尡饜尪饜尠 | -饜尠饜尡饜尪饜尮 | -饜尠饜崋饜崈 |
All static consonant stems proper end in -饜尶饜尡饜尠 in singular. Meanwhile, nd-stems end in -饜尠饜尡饜尠.
Neuter consonant stems have an -饜尶饜尭- infix in all forms.