Base aspect -π°π½
BASE
Main custom root-dynamic
Base aspect in itself indicates lack of any other aspect, attached to a verb.
Base aspect verbs are generally short and, if applicable, directed (because none of the durative aspects were used) and by themselves only display single instance of an action or state.
Side aspect verbs can be both considered as aspectual forms of the original verb or as base aspect forms of its own verb.
Examples
Formation
In this section, two sets of conjugations will be provided:
- Strong conjugation displays the suffixes of strong verbs in the base aspect.
- Weak past displays the past tense conjugation of any non-strong verb. Past tense marker consonant which may differ depending on the class and the word itself will be displayed as (πΈ) for the sake of simplicity.
| Pres. part. | Past part. | Gerund | Ag. inf. | Obj. inf. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-π°π½π³π | PP-π°π½π | P-π°π½π | P-π°π½ | PP-π°π |
Strong declension
| Past part. |
|---|
| (PP)-(πΈ)π |
Weak past declension
- Present participle has a-Δ«n-stem declension.
- Past participles have a-stem declension.
- Gerund behaves as a feminine i-stem noun.
Realis
Indicative
| Strong | Ag. pres. | Ag. past | Obj. pres. | Obj. past |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | P-π° | PN- | P-π°π·π°πΉ | PN-π°πΉ |
| 2pSG | P-πΉπ | PN-π | P-π°πΆπ°πΉ | PN-ππ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | P-πΉπΈ | PN-π°πΉ | P-π°πΈπ°πΉ | PN-π°πΉ |
| 1pDU | P-π°π | PN-πΏπ | P-π°π π°πΉ | PN-πΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | P-π°ππ | PN-πΏππ | P-π°π³πΆπ°πΉ | PN-πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | P-π°ππ | PN-πΏππ | P-π°πππ°πΉ | PN-πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | P-π°π²πΊ | PJ-πΏπ²πΊ | P-π°π²πΊπ°πΉ | PJ-πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | P-π°πΊ | PJ-πΏπΊ | P-π°πΊπ°πΉ | PJ-πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | P-πΉπ | PJ-πΏπ | P-π°ππ°πΉ | PJ-πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | P-π°πΌ | PJ-πΏπΌ | P-π°πΌπ°πΉ | PJ-πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | P-πΉπΈ | PJ-πΏπΈ | P-π°π³π°πΉ | PJ-πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | P-π°π½π³ | PJ-πΏπ½ | P-π°π½π³π°πΉ | PJ-πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Indicative forms of the base aspect have odd vowels in agentive mode and even vowels in objective mode. Past singular indicative forms have blank suffixes.
| Weak | Ag. past | Obj. past |
|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | -(πΈ)π° | -(πΈ)π°πΉ |
| 2pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π | -(πΈ)π΄πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | -(πΈ)π° | -(πΈ)π°πΉ |
| 1pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏππ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏππ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ²πΊ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπΊ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπΌ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπΈ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ½ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Weak past forms generally consist of additional suffix -π΄π³- followed by a strong suffix. The only major exception are singular suffixes.
Dubitative
| Strong | Ag. pres. | Ag. past | Obj. pres. | Obj. past |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | P-πΏ | PN-π πΏ | P-πΏπ·π°πΉ | PN-π πΏπ·π°πΉ |
| 2pSG | P-π°π | PN-π πΏπ | P-πΏπΆπ°πΉ | PN-π πΏπΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | P-π°πΈ | PN-π πΏ | P-πΏπΈπ°πΉ | PN-π πΏπ·π°πΉ |
| 1pDU | P-πΏπ | PN-π πΏπ | P-πΏπ π°πΉ | PN-π πΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | P-πΏππ | PN-π πΏππ | P-πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ | PN-π πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | P-πΏππ | PN-π πΏππ | P-πΏπππ°πΉ | PN-π πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | P-πΏπ²πΊ | PJ-π πΏπ²πΊ | P-πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ | PJ-π πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | P-πΏπΊ | PJ-π πΏπΊ | P-πΏπΊπ°πΉ | PJ-π πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | P-π°π | PJ-π πΏπ | P-πΏππ°πΉ | PJ-π πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | P-πΏπΌ | PJ-π πΏπΌ | P-πΏπΌπ°πΉ | PJ-π πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | P-π°πΈ | PJ-π πΏπΈ | P-πΏπ³π°πΉ | PJ-π πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | P-πΏπ½π³ | PJ-π πΏπ½ | P-πΏπ½π³π°πΉ | PJ-π πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Strong dubitative base aspect suffixes feature degraded odd vowels in agentive mode and degraded even vowels in objective mode.
| Weak | Ag. past | Obj. past |
|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ·π°πΉ |
| 2pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ·π°πΉ |
| 1pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏππ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏππ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ²πΊ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΊ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΌ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΈ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ½ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Weak past of dubitative (as well as of other non-indicative moods) are formed by attaching the strong past suffixes to an infix -π΄π³-.
Irrealis (subjunctive)
Optative
| Strong | Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | P-π°π π° | PJ-πΎπ°π π° | P-π°π π°πΏ | PJ-πΎπ°π π°πΏ |
| 2pSG | P-π°πΉπΆπ° | PJ-π΄πΉπΆπ° | P-π°πΉπΆπ°πΏ | PJ-π΄πΉπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG | P-π°πΎπ° | PJ-πΎπ°πΎπ° | P-π°πΎπ°πΏ | PJ-πΎπ°πΎπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU | P-π°πΉπ π° | PJ-π΄πΉπ π° | P-π°πΉπ π°πΏ | PJ-π΄πΉπ π°πΏ |
| 2pDU | P-π°πΉπ³πΆπ° | PJ-π΄πΉπ³πΆπ° | P-π°πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ | PJ-π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU | P-π°πΉπππ° | PJ-π΄πΉπππ° | P-π°πΉπππ°πΏ | PJ-π΄πΉπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA | P-π°πΉπ²πΊπ° | PJ-π΄πΉπ²πΊπ° | P-π°πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ | PJ-π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA | P-π°πΉπΊπ° | PJ-π΄πΉπΊπ° | P-π°πΉπΊπ°πΏ | PJ-π΄πΉπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA | P-π°πΉππ° | PJ-π΄πΉππ° | P-π°πΉππ°πΏ | PJ-π΄πΉππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL | P-π°πΉπΌπ° | PJ-π΄πΉπΌπ° | P-π°πΉπΌπ°πΏ | PJ-π΄πΉπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL | P-π°πΉπ³π° | PJ-π΄πΉπ³π° | P-π°πΉπ³π°πΏ | PJ-π΄πΉπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL | P-π°πΉπ½π° | PJ-π΄πΉπ½π° | P-π°πΉπ½π°πΏ | PJ-π΄πΉπ½π°πΏ |
Base aspect optative forms have blank suffixes in 1pSG and 3pSG. In all other forms the number-person markers are intact, while the leading vowel is replaced with -π°πΉ-.
Optative, like other subjunctive moods, have a subjunctive marker -π° in all agentive forms, which transforms into -π°πΏ in objectives.
| Weak | Ag. past (II) | Obj. past (II) |
|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΎπ°π π° | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΎπ°π π°πΏ |
| 2pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ π° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ π°πΏ |
| 2pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπππ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉππ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ³π° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ½π° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ½π°πΏ |
Weak past of optative (as well as of other non-indicative moods) are formed by attaching the strong past suffixes to an infix -π΄π³-.
Hypothetical
| Strong | Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | P-πΉπ·π° | PJ-π πΉπ·π° | P-πΉπ·π°πΏ | PJ-π πΉπ·π°πΏ |
| 2pSG | P-πΉπΆπ° | PJ-π πΉπΆπ° | P-πΉπΆπ°πΏ | PJ-π πΉπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG | P-πΉπΈπ° | PJ-π πΉπΈπ° | P-πΉπΈπ°πΏ | PJ-π πΉπΈπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU | P-πΉπ π° | PJ-π πΉπ π° | P-πΉπ π°πΏ | PJ-π πΉπ π°πΏ |
| 2pDU | P-πΉπ³πΆπ° | PJ-π πΉπ³πΆπ° | P-πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ | PJ-π πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU | P-πΉπππ° | PJ-π πΉπππ° | P-πΉπππ°πΏ | PJ-π πΉπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA | P-πΉπ²πΊπ° | PJ-π πΉπ²πΊπ° | P-πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ | PJ-π πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA | P-πΉπΊπ° | PJ-π πΉπΊπ° | P-πΉπΊπ°πΏ | PJ-π πΉπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA | P-πΉππ° | PJ-π πΉππ° | P-πΉππ°πΏ | PJ-π πΉππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL | P-πΉπΌπ° | PJ-π πΉπΌπ° | P-πΉπΌπ°πΏ | PJ-π πΉπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL | P-πΉπ³π° | PJ-π πΉπ³π° | P-πΉπ³π°πΏ | PJ-π πΉπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL | P-πΉπ½π° | PJ-π πΉπ½π° | P-πΉπ½π°πΏ | PJ-π πΉπ½π°πΏ |
Hypothetical mood uses normal number-person markers with top-level vowels. Past hypothetical forms gain a -π - infix before the leading vowel.
Hypothetical, like other subjunctive moods, have a subjunctive marker -π° in all agentive forms, which transforms into -π°πΏ in objectives.
| Weak | Ag. past (II) | Obj. past (II) |
|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπ·π° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπ·π°πΏ |
| 2pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπΆπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπΈπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπΈπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπ π° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπ π°πΏ |
| 2pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπ³πΆπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπππ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπ²πΊπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπΊπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉππ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπΌπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπ³π° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπ½π° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΉπ½π°πΏ |
Weak past of hypothetical (as well as of other non-indicative moods) are formed by attaching the stong past suffixes to an infix -π΄π³-.
Conditional
| Strong | Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | P-πΏπ·π° | PJ-π πΏπ·π° | P-πΏπ·π°πΏ | PJ-π πΏπ·π°πΏ |
| 2pSG | P-πΏπΆπ° | PJ-π πΏπΆπ° | P-πΏπΆπ°πΏ | PJ-π πΏπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG | P-πΏπΈπ° | PJ-π πΏπΈπ° | P-πΏπΈπ°πΏ | PJ-π πΏπΈπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU | P-πΏπ π° | PJ-π πΏπ π° | P-πΏπ π°πΏ | PJ-π πΏπ π°πΏ |
| 2pDU | P-πΏπ³πΆπ° | PJ-π πΏπ³πΆπ° | P-πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ | PJ-π πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU | P-πΏπππ° | PJ-π πΏπππ° | P-πΏπππ°πΏ | PJ-π πΏπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA | P-πΏπ²πΊπ° | PJ-π πΏπ²πΊπ° | P-πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ | PJ-π πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA | P-πΏπΊπ° | PJ-π πΏπΊπ° | P-πΏπΊπ°πΏ | PJ-π πΏπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA | P-πΏππ° | PJ-π πΏππ° | P-πΏππ°πΏ | PJ-π πΏππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL | P-πΏπΌπ° | PJ-π πΏπΌπ° | P-πΏπΌπ°πΏ | PJ-π πΏπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL | P-πΏπ³π° | PJ-π πΏπ³π° | P-πΏπ³π°πΏ | PJ-π πΏπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL | P-πΏπ½π° | PJ-π πΏπ½π° | P-πΏπ½π°πΏ | PJ-π πΏπ½π°πΏ |
Conditinal suffixes are formed identically to hypothetical suffixes, but using the bottom-level leading vowels instead of top-level ones.
Conditional, like other subjunctive moods, have a subjunctive marker -π° in all agentive forms, which transforms into -π°πΏ in objectives.
| Weak | Ag. past (II) | Obj. past (II) |
|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ·π° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ·π°πΏ |
| 2pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΆπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΈπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΈπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ π° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ π°πΏ |
| 2pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ³πΆπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπππ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ²πΊπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΊπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏππ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΌπ° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ³π° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ½π° | -(πΈ)π΄π³π πΏπ½π°πΏ |
Weak past of conditional (as well as of other non-indicative moods) are formed by attaching the stong past suffixes to an infix -π΄π³-.
Realis-irrealis
Imperative
| Strong | Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | P-π°πΏ | PJ-π°πΏ | P-π°πΏππΉ | PJ-π°πΏππΉ |
| 2pSG | P- | PJ-π | P-π°ππΉ | PJ-πΆπ°ππΉ |
| 3pSG | P-π°πΈπ°πΏ | PJ-π°πΏ | P-π°πΈπ°πΏππΉ | PJ-π°πΏππΉ |
| 1pDU | P-π°π π°πΏ | PJ-πΏπ π°πΏ | P-π°π π°πΏππΉ | PJ-πΏπ π°πΏππΉ |
| 2pDU | P-π°π³πΆπ°πΏ | PJ-πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ | P-π°π³πΆπ°πΏππΉ | PJ-πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏππΉ |
| 3pDU | P-π°πππ°πΏ | PJ-πΏπππ°πΏ | P-π°πππ°πΏππΉ | PJ-πΏπππ°πΏππΉ |
| 1pPA | P-π°π²πΊπ°πΏ | PJ-πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ | P-π°π²πΊπ°πΏππΉ | PJ-πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏππΉ |
| 2pPA | P-π°πΊπ°πΏ | PJ-πΏπΊπ°πΏ | P-π°πΊπ°πΏππΉ | PJ-πΏπΊπ°πΏππΉ |
| 3pPA | P-π°ππ°πΏ | PJ-πΏππ°πΏ | P-π°ππ°πΏππΉ | PJ-πΏππ°πΏππΉ |
| 1pPL | P-π°πΌπ°πΏ | PJ-πΏπΌπ°πΏ | P-π°πΌπ°πΏππΉ | PJ-πΏπΌπ°πΏππΉ |
| 2pPL | P-π°π³π°πΏ | PJ-πΏπ³π°πΏ | P-π°π³π°πΏππΉ | PJ-πΏπ³π°πΏππΉ |
| 3pPL | P-π°π½π°πΏ | PJ-πΏπ½π°πΏ | P-π°π½π°πΏππΉ | PJ-πΏπ½π°πΏππΉ |
Base aspect imperative has even vowels in both agentive and objective forms. All singulars except present 3pSG have blank suffixes.
In all forms except 2pSG, imperative suffixes have imperative marker -π°πΏ. In objective forms, passive imperative marker -ππΉ is added to all endings.
| Weak | Ag. past (II) | Obj. past (II) |
|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π°πΏ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π°πΏππΉ |
| 2pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΆπ°ππΉ |
| 3pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π°πΏ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π°πΏππΉ |
| 1pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ π°πΏ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ π°πΏππΉ |
| 2pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏππΉ |
| 3pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπππ°πΏ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπππ°πΏππΉ |
| 1pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏππΉ |
| 2pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΏ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΏππΉ |
| 3pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏππ°πΏ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏππ°πΏππΉ |
| 1pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΏ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΏππΉ |
| 2pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ³π°πΏ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ³π°πΏππΉ |
| 3pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ½π°πΏ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΏπ½π°πΏππΉ |
Weak past of imperative (as well as of other non-indicative moods) are formed by attaching the strong past suffixes to an infix -π΄π³-.
Volitive
| Strong | Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | P-π°π π°π πΉ | PJ-πΎπ°π π°π πΉ | P-π°π π°πΏπ πΉ | PJ-πΎπ°π π°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pSG | P-π°πΉπΆπ°π πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπΆπ°π πΉ | P-π°πΉπΆπ°πΏπ πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπΆπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pSG | P-π°πΎπ°π πΉ | PJ-πΎπ°πΎπ°π πΉ | P-π°πΎπ°πΏπ πΉ | PJ-πΎπ°πΎπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 1pDU | P-π°πΉπ π°π πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπ π°π πΉ | P-π°πΉπ π°πΏπ πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπ π°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pDU | P-π°πΉπ³πΆπ°π πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°π πΉ | P-π°πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏπ πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pDU | P-π°πΉπππ°π πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπππ°π πΉ | P-π°πΉπππ°πΏπ πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπππ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 1pPA | P-π°πΉπ²πΊπ°π πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°π πΉ | P-π°πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏπ πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pPA | P-π°πΉπΊπ°π πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπΊπ°π πΉ | P-π°πΉπΊπ°πΏπ πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπΊπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pPA | P-π°πΉππ°π πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉππ°π πΉ | P-π°πΉππ°πΏπ πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉππ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 1pPL | P-π°πΉπΌπ°π πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπΌπ°π πΉ | P-π°πΉπΌπ°πΏπ πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπΌπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pPL | P-π°πΉπ³π°π πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπ³π°π πΉ | P-π°πΉπ³π°πΏπ πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπ³π°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pPL | P-π°πΉπ½π°π πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπ½π°π πΉ | P-π°πΉπ½π°πΏπ πΉ | PJ-π΄πΉπ½π°πΏπ πΉ |
Volitive markers decline identically to optative forms with a volitive marker -π πΉ attached after its subjunctive / objective marker.
| Weak | Ag. past (II) | Obj. past (II) |
|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΎπ°π π°π πΉ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΎπ°π π°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ°π πΉ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pSG | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ°π πΉ | -(πΈ)π΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 1pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ π°π πΉ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ π°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°π πΉ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pDU | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπππ°π πΉ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπππ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 1pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°π πΉ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ°π πΉ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pPA | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉππ°π πΉ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉππ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 1pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ°π πΉ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ³π°π πΉ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ³π°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pPL | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ½π°π πΉ | -(πΈ)π΄π³π΄πΉπ½π°πΏπ πΉ |
Weak past of volitive (as well as of other non-indicative moods) are formed by attaching the strong past suffixes to an infix -π΄π³-.