Durative-static aspect -πŒ°Μ„πŒ½

DUST

Main custom root-dynamic


Durative-static aspect marks long and unchanging (static) actions. Durative-static marks lengths more significant than durative-temporary, with actions or states often being observable on multiple occasions.

DUST verbs can be comparatively short, usually when a time frame is specified, in these cases the unchanging static characteristic of it is being stressed.

Wistrish durative-static corresponds to Gothic weak 3 verb class.

Examples

πŒΌπŒ°πŒΈπŒ»πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ½πŒ°π‚
"in mall"
πŒΌπŒ°πŒΈπŒ»πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ½ - mall
nt. a-stem inan.
nom. sg.
𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌰
"near"
𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌰 - near
πŒ½πŒΉπ…πŒΉ
"a new"
πŒ½πŒΉπŒΏπŒΎπŒΉπƒ - new
ja-stem
str. nt. acc. sg.
πŒ²πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°π„πƒπŒ»
"restaurant"
πŒ²πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°π„πƒπŒ» - restaurant
nt. a-stem inan.
acc. sg.
π„πŒΉπŒΌπ‚πŒ°Μ„πŒ½πŒ³
"they generally build"
π„πŒΉπŒΌπ‚πŒ°πŒ½ - to build
S-III-𐌲𐌰
Imp DUST
pres. ag. ind. 3pSG
Β·
They are building a new restaurant near the mall.
π†πŒΏπŒ»πŒ»πŒ°π…
"as whole"
π†πŒΏπŒ»πŒ»πƒ - whole, entire
a-stem
str. m. form. pl.
πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°π…
"as days"
πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πƒ - day
m. a-stem inan.
form. pl.
+ intensive
πŒ²πŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒΉπ‡πŒ½πŒ°π‚πŒ°π‚
"in computer"
πŒ²πŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒΉπ‡πŒ½πŒ°Μ„π‚ - computer
m. r-stem inan.
loc. sg.
πƒπ€πŒΉπŒ»πŒ»πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΈ
"he is generally playing"
πƒπ€πŒΉπŒ»πŒ»πŒ°πŒ½ - to play
S-III-𐌲𐌰
Imp DUST
pres. ag. ind. 3pSG
!
He plays on the computer all day long!
πƒπ„πŒΏπŒ³πŒΉπŒΏπƒ
"studio"
πƒπ„πŒΏπŒ³πŒΉπŒΏπƒ - studio
m. u-stem inan.
nom. sg.
πŒ°π‚πŒ±πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
"it was generally working"
πŒ°π‚πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒ½ - work
S-I-𐌲𐌰
Imp DUST
past ag. ind. 3pSG
,
𐌸𐌰𐌽
"when"
𐌸𐌰𐌽 - when, then
πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πŒΏπ‚
"in city"
πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πƒ - city
f. sc-stem
loc. sg.
π…πŒ°πƒ
"I was being"
π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½ - to be
suppl. S-V-𐌲𐌰
Imp BASE
past ag. ind. 3pSG
Β·
When I was in the city the studio was working.
Was working in a general sense: not being closed for good.

Formation

Durative-static has an aspectual linker -πŒ°Μ„πŒΉ-.

Pres. part. Past part. Gerund Ag. inf. Obj. inf.
(P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ½πŒ³πƒ (PP)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πƒ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ½πƒ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ½ (PP)-πŒ°Μ„π„

Realis

Indicative

Ag. pres. Ag. past Obj. pres. Obj. past
1pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ
2pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπƒ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΆπŒ°πŒΉ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒΆπŒ°πŒΉ
3pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΈ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΈπŒ°πŒΉ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ
1pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„π… (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ… (P)-πŒ°Μ„π…πŒ°πŒΉ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ…πŒ°πŒΉ
2pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„π„πƒ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΉ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΉ
3pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„π„πƒ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ (P)-πŒ°Μ„π„πƒπŒ°πŒΉ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒπŒ°πŒΉ
1pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ²πŒΊ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΊ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ
2pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΊ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΊ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ
3pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ‡ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ‡ (P)-πŒ°Μ„π‡πŒ°πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ‡πŒ°πŒΉ
1pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΌ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒΉ
2pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΈ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ
3pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ½πŒ³ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉ

Present forms of the indicative durative-stative are reminiscent of those of strong base aspect, but with base "𐌰" and "𐌹" being replaced with "πŒ°Μ„" and "πŒ°Μ„πŒΉ" respectively.

When applicable, past indicative singulars and duals take the minor past vowels, paucals and plurals – major past vowels.

Dubitative

Ag. pres. Ag. past Obj. pres. Obj. past
1pSG (P)-πŒΏΜ„ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏ (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ·πŒ°πŒΉ
2pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πƒ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπƒ (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΆπŒ°πŒΉ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΆπŒ°πŒΉ
3pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΈ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏ (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΈπŒ°πŒΉ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ·πŒ°πŒΉ
1pDU (P)-πŒΏΜ„π… (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπ… (P)-πŒΏΜ„π…πŒ°πŒΉ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπ…πŒ°πŒΉ
2pDU (P)-πŒΏΜ„π„πƒ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπ„πƒ (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΉ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΉ
3pDU (P)-πŒΏΜ„π„πƒ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπ„πƒ (P)-πŒΏΜ„π„πƒπŒ°πŒΉ (PN)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπ„πƒπŒ°πŒΉ
1pPA (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ²πŒΊ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ²πŒΊ (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ
2pPA (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΊ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΊ (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΊπŒ°πŒΉ
3pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„π‡ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπ‡ (P)-πŒΏΜ„π‡πŒ°πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπ‡πŒ°πŒΉ
1pPL (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΌ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΌ (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒΉ
2pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΈ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΈ (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ
3pPL (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ½πŒ³ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ½ (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉ

Present forms of the dubitative durative-static undergo a process similar to the base aspect's triple shift dubitative degradation, where indicative "πŒ°Μ„πŒΉ" and "πŒ°Μ„" become "πŒ°Μ„" and "πŒΏΜ„".

When applicable, past dubitative singulars and duals take the minor past vowels, paucals and plurals – major past vowels.

Irrealis (subjunctive)

Optative

Ag. pres. (I) Ag. past (II) Obj. pres. (I) Obj. past (II)
1pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„π…πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°π…πŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„π…πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏ
2pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΆπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΆπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
3pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΎπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΎπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
1pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ…πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒΏ
2pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒΆπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΆπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
3pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ„πƒπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ„πƒπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒπŒ°πŒΏ
1pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ²πŒΊπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²πŒΊπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ
2pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΊπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ
3pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ‡πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ‡πŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ‡πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ‡πŒ°πŒΏ
1pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΌπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒΏ
2pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
3pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ½πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏ

Present forms of the optative durative-static has the leading vowel replaced with -πŒ°Μ„πŒΉ- in non-blank suffixes and with lenition of the first vowel to -πŒ°Μ„- in blank suffixes.

All past (II) optatives take the major past vowel when applicable.

Hypothetical

Ag. pres. (I) Ag. past (II) Obj. pres. (I) Obj. past (II)
1pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒ·πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒ·πŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒ·πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒ·πŒ°πŒΏ
2pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒΆπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒΆπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
3pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒΈπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒΈπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒΈπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒΈπŒ°πŒΏ
1pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπ…πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπ…πŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπ…πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒΏ
2pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒ³πŒΆπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒΆπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
3pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπ„πƒπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπ„πƒπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπ„πƒπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπ„πƒπŒ°πŒΏ
1pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒ²πŒΊπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒ²πŒΊπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ
2pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒΊπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒΊπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ
3pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπ‡πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπ‡πŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπ‡πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπ‡πŒ°πŒΏ
1pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒΌπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒΌπŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒΏ
2pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒ³πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
3pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒ½πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ° (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏ

Present forms of the hypothetical have their own -πŒ°Μ„πŒΏ- grade. This grade is a key difference between base aspect's triple shift and durative-static quadruple shift

All past (II) hypotheticals take the major past vowel when applicable.

Conditional

Strong Ag. pres. (I) Ag. past (II) Obj. pres. (I) Obj. past (II)
1pSG (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ·πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ·πŒ° (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ·πŒ°πŒΏ
2pSG (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΆπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΆπŒ° (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
3pSG (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΈπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΈπŒ° (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΈπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΈπŒ°πŒΏ
1pDU (P)-πŒΏΜ„π…πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπ…πŒ° (P)-πŒΏΜ„π…πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπ…πŒ°πŒΏ
2pDU (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ³πŒΆπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ³πŒΆπŒ° (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
3pDU (P)-πŒΏΜ„π„πƒπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπ„πƒπŒ° (P)-πŒΏΜ„π„πƒπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπ„πƒπŒ°πŒΏ
1pPA (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ²πŒΊπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ²πŒΊπŒ° (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ
2pPA (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΊπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΊπŒ° (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ
3pPA (P)-πŒΏΜ„π‡πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπ‡πŒ° (P)-πŒΏΜ„π‡πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπ‡πŒ°πŒΏ
1pPL (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΌπŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΌπŒ° (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒΌπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒΏ
2pPL (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ³πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ³πŒ° (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
3pPL (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ½πŒ° (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ° (P)-πŒΏΜ„πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³π…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏ

Present forms of the conditional durative-static have degraded vowels in all numbers and persons.

All past (II) conditionals take the major past vowel when applicable.

Realis-irrealis

Imperative

Strong Ag. pres. (I) Ag. past (II) Obj. pres. (I) Obj. past (II)
1pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ
2pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πƒ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ‚πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΆπŒ°π‚πŒΉ
3pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΈπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΈπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ
1pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„π…πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ…πŒ°πŒΏ (P)-πŒ°Μ„π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ
2pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ
3pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„π„πƒπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒπŒ°πŒΏ (P)-πŒ°Μ„π„πƒπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ
1pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ
2pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΊπŒ°πŒΏ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ
3pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„π‡πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ‡πŒ°πŒΏ (P)-πŒ°Μ„π‡πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ‡πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ
1pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΌπŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒΏ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ
2pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ
3pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉ

Present forms of the imperative durative-static have non-degraded even vowels and a passive marker -𐌰𐌿.

All past (II) imperatives take the major past vowel when applicable.

Volitive

Strong Ag. pres. (I) Ag. past (II) Obj. pres. (I) Obj. past (II)
1pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„π…πŒ°π…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°π…πŒ°π…πŒΉ (P)-πŒ°Μ„π…πŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ
2pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°π…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°π…πŒΉ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ
3pSG (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΎπŒ°π…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΎπŒ°π…πŒΉ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ
1pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ…πŒ°π…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°π…πŒΉ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ
2pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒΆπŒ°π…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΆπŒ°π…πŒΉ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ
3pDU (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ„πƒπŒ°π…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒπŒ°π…πŒΉ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ„πƒπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ
1pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°π…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°π…πŒΉ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ
2pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°π…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°π…πŒΉ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ
3pPA (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ‡πŒ°π…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ‡πŒ°π…πŒΉ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπ‡πŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ‡πŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ
1pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°π…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°π…πŒΉ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ
2pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°π…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°π…πŒΉ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ
3pPL (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°π…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°π…πŒΉ (P)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ (PJ)-πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏπ…πŒΉ

Volitive I and II forms are identical to optative I and II, but have a volitive marker -π…πŒΉ attached to the end.

All past (II) volitives take the major past vowel when applicable.