Fientive -π½π°π½
FIEN
Side a/o root-static 4
Fientive aspect marks a process of starting / transitioning into state / action.
Fientive aspect should not be confused with inceptive perfective: fientive marks a full action / state which leads to the base action / state, while inceptive perfective simply marks the point when the action has begun.
Unlike Gothic fientive, Wistrish fientive can be trasnsitive, though rarely.
Wistrish fientive corresponds to Gothic weak 4 verb class.
Examples
Formation
Fientive, like other a/o aspects, declines identically to the base aspect in present and to gnomic-iterational in preterite.
Fientive has an aspectual linker -πΏ-.
Like other a/o-aspects, fientive combined with gnomic-iterational requires the latter to display the hidden consonant "πΊ".
Fientive as an a/o-aspect can in most cases be attached to a non-infixed root without requiring a base aspectual linker if the root ends in a singular consonant or in a fine consonant cluster.
| Pres. part. | Past part. | Gerund | Ag. inf. | Obj. inf. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (PP)-π½π°π½π³π | (PP)-π½ππ³π | (PP)-π½π°π½π | (PP)-π½π°π½ | (PP)-π½ππ |
- Present participle has a-Δ«n-stem declension.
- Past participle has a-stem declension.
- Gerund behaves as a feminine i-stem noun.
Realis
Indicative
| Ag. pres. | Ag. past | Obj. pres. | Obj. past | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PP)-π½π° | (PP)-π½ππ³π° | (PP)-π½π°π·π°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π°πΉ |
| 2pSG | (PP)-π½πΉπ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π | (PP)-π½π°πΆπ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | (PP)-π½πΉπΈ | (PP)-π½ππ³π° | (PP)-π½π°πΈπ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π°πΉ |
| 1pDU | (PP)-π½π°π | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ | (PP)-π½π°π π°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | (PP)-π½π°ππ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏππ | (PP)-π½π°π³πΆπ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | (PP)-π½π°ππ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏππ | (PP)-π½π°πππ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | (PP)-π½π°π²πΊ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊ | (PP)-π½π°π²πΊπ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | (PP)-π½π°πΊ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπΊ | (PP)-π½π°πΊπ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | (PP)-π½πΉπ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ | (PP)-π½π°ππ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | (PP)-π½π°πΌ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπΌ | (PP)-π½π°πΌπ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | (PP)-π½πΉπΈ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπΈ | (PP)-π½π°π³π°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | (PP)-π½π°π½π³ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ½ | (PP)-π½π°π½π³π°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Dubitative
| Ag. pres. | Ag. past | Obj. pres. | Obj. past | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PP)-π½πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏ | (PP)-π½πΏπ·π°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ·π°πΉ |
| 2pSG | (PP)-π½π°π | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ | (PP)-π½πΏπΆπ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | (PP)-π½π°πΈ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏ | (PP)-π½πΏπΈπ°πΉ | (PP)-ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ·π°πΉ |
| 1pDU | (PP)-π½πΏπ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ | (PP)-π½πΏπ π°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | (PP)-π½πΏππ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏππ | (PP)-π½πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | (PP)-π½πΏππ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏππ | (PP)-π½πΏπππ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | (PP)-π½πΏπ²πΊ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ²πΊ | (PP)-π½πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | (PP)-π½πΏπΊ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΊ | (PP)-π½πΏπΊπ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | (PP)-π½π°π | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ | (PP)-π½πΏππ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | (PP)-π½πΏπΌ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΌ | (PP)-π½πΏπΌπ°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | (PP)-π½π°πΈ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΈ | (PP)-π½πΏπ³π°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | (PP)-π½πΏπ½π³ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ½ | (PP)-π½πΏπ½π³π°πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Irrealis (subjunctive)
Optative
| Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PP)-π½π°π π° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΎπ°π π° | (PP)-π½π°π π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΎπ°π π°πΏ |
| 2pSG | (PP)-π½π°πΉπΆπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ° | (PP)-π½π°πΉπΆπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG | (PP)-π½π°πΎπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ° | (PP)-π½π°πΎπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ π° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ π° | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ π°πΏ |
| 2pDU | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ³πΆπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ° | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU | (PP)-π½π°πΉπππ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπππ° | (PP)-π½π°πΉπππ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ²πΊπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ° | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA | (PP)-π½π°πΉπΊπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ° | (PP)-π½π°πΉπΊπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA | (PP)-π½π°πΉππ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉππ° | (PP)-π½π°πΉππ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL | (PP)-π½π°πΉπΌπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ° | (PP)-π½π°πΉπΌπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ³π° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³π° | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ³π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ½π° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ½π° | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ½π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ½π°πΏ |
Hypothetical
| Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PP)-π½πΉπ·π° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπ·π° | (PP)-π½πΉπ·π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπ·π°πΏ |
| 2pSG | (PP)-π½πΉπΆπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπΆπ° | (PP)-π½πΉπΆπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG | (PP)-π½πΉπΈπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπΈπ° | (PP)-π½πΉπΈπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπΈπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU | (PP)-π½πΉπ π° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπ π° | (PP)-π½πΉπ π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπ π°πΏ |
| 2pDU | (PP)-π½πΉπ³πΆπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπ³πΆπ° | (PP)-π½πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU | (PP)-π½πΉπππ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπππ° | (PP)-π½πΉπππ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA | (PP)-π½πΉπ²πΊπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπ²πΊπ° | (PP)-π½πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA | (PP)-π½πΉπΊπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπΊπ° | (PP)-π½πΉπΊπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA | (PP)-π½πΉππ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉππ° | (PP)-π½πΉππ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL | (PP)-π½πΉπΌπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπΌπ° | (PP)-π½πΉπΌπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL | (PP)-π½πΉπ³π° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπ³π° | (PP)-π½πΉπ³π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL | (PP)-π½πΉπ½π° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπ½π° | (PP)-π½πΉπ½π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΉπ½π°πΏ |
Conditional
| Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PP)-π½πΏπ·π° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ·π° | (PP)-π½πΏπ·π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ·π°πΏ |
| 2pSG | (PP)-π½πΏπΆπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΆπ° | (PP)-π½πΏπΆπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG | (PP)-π½πΏπΈπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΈπ° | (PP)-π½πΏπΈπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΈπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU | (PP)-π½πΏπ π° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ π° | (PP)-π½πΏπ π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ π°πΏ |
| 2pDU | (PP)-π½πΏπ³πΆπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ³πΆπ° | (PP)-π½πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU | (PP)-π½πΏπππ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπππ° | (PP)-π½πΏπππ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA | (PP)-π½πΏπ²πΊπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ²πΊπ° | (PP)-π½πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA | (PP)-π½πΏπΊπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΊπ° | (PP)-π½πΏπΊπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA | (PP)-π½πΏππ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏππ° | (PP)-π½πΏππ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL | (PP)-π½πΏπΌπ° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΌπ° | (PP)-π½πΏπΌπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL | (PP)-π½πΏπ³π° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ³π° | (PP)-π½πΏπ³π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL | (PP)-π½πΏπ½π° | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ½π° | (PP)-π½πΏπ½π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ½π°πΏ |
Realis-irrealis
Imperative
| Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PP)-π½π°π·π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π°πΏ | (PP)-π½π°π·π°πΏππΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π°πΏππΉ |
| 2pSG | (PP)-π½ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π | (PP)-π½π°ππΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΆπ°ππΉ |
| 3pSG | (PP)-π½π°πΈπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π°πΏ | (PP)-π½π°πΈπ°πΏππΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π°πΏππΉ |
| 1pDU | (PP)-π½π°π π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ π°πΏ | (PP)-π½π°π π°πΏππΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ π°πΏππΉ |
| 2pDU | (PP)-π½π°π³πΆπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½π°π³πΆπ°πΏππΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏππΉ |
| 3pDU | (PP)-π½π°πππ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπππ°πΏ | (PP)-π½π°πππ°πΏππΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπππ°πΏππΉ |
| 1pPA | (PP)-π½π°π²πΊπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½π°π²πΊπ°πΏππΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏππΉ |
| 2pPA | (PP)-π½π°πΊπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½π°πΊπ°πΏππΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΏππΉ |
| 3pPA | (PP)-π½π°ππ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏππ°πΏ | (PP)-π½π°ππ°πΏππΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏππ°πΏππΉ |
| 1pPL | (PP)-π½π°πΌπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΏ | (PP)-π½π°πΌπ°πΏππΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΏππΉ |
| 2pPL | (PP)-π½π°π³π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ³π°πΏ | (PP)-π½π°π³π°πΏππΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ³π°πΏππΉ |
| 3pPL | (PP)-π½π°π½π°πΏ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ½π°πΏ | (PP)-π½π°π½π°πΏππΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΏπ½π°πΏππΉ |
Volitive
| Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PP)-π½π°π π°π πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΎπ°π π°π πΉ | (PP)-π½π°π π°πΏπ πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΎπ°π π°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pSG | (PP)-π½π°πΉπΆπ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½π°πΉπΆπ°πΏπ πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pSG | (PP)-π½π°πΎπ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½π°πΎπ°πΏπ πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 1pDU | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ π°π πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ π°π πΉ | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ π°πΏπ πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ π°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pDU | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ³πΆπ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏπ πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pDU | (PP)-π½π°πΉπππ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπππ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½π°πΉπππ°πΏπ πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπππ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 1pPA | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ²πΊπ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏπ πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pPA | (PP)-π½π°πΉπΊπ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½π°πΉπΊπ°πΏπ πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pPA | (PP)-π½π°πΉππ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉππ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½π°πΉππ°πΏπ πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉππ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 1pPL | (PP)-π½π°πΉπΌπ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ°π πΉ | (PP)-π½π°πΉπΌπ°πΏπ πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pPL | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ³π°π πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³π°π πΉ | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ³π°πΏπ πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³π°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pPL | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ½π°π πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ½π°π πΉ | (PP)-π½π°πΉπ½π°πΏπ πΉ | (PP)-π½ππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ½π°πΏπ πΉ |