Iterative -ππ°π½
ITER
Main a/o root-static 3
Iterative aspect is used to describe frequently repeating actions. Iterative, unlike frequentative, implies no significant time gaps between actions and, unlike distributive, repeats apply to all verb's objects.
Iterative verbs, like in other repeating aspects and unlike tensal gnomic-iterational, mark a one large action / state consisting of smaller actions / states. This is visible the most in perfectives and in complex sentences.
Examples
Someone is knocking on the door.
The dust flew into the air and Johans started sneezing
Formation
Iterative, like other a/o aspects, declines identically to the base aspect in present and to gnomic-iterational in preterite.
Iterative has an aspectual linker -πΏ-.
Like other a/o-aspects, iterative combined with gnomic-iterational requires the latter to display the hidden consonant "πΊ".
Iterative as an a/o-aspect can in most cases be attached to a non-infixed root without requiring a base aspectual linker if the root ends in a singular consonant or in a fine consonant cluster.
| Pres. part. |
Past part. |
Gerund |
Ag. inf. |
Obj. inf. |
|
(PJ)-ππ°π½π³π
|
(PJ)-πππ³π
|
(PJ)-ππ°π½π
|
(PJ)-ππ°π½
|
(PJ)-πππ
|
-
Present participle has a-Δ«n-stem declension.
-
Past participle has a-stem declension.
-
Gerund behaves as a feminine i-stem noun.
Realis
Indicative
|
Ag. pres. |
Ag. past |
Obj. pres. |
Obj. past |
| 1pSG |
(PJ)-ππ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π° |
(PJ)-ππ°π·π°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π°πΉ |
| 2pSG |
(PJ)-ππΉπ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π |
(PJ)-ππ°πΆπ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pSG |
(PJ)-ππΉπΈ |
(PJ)-πππ³π° |
(PJ)-ππ°πΈπ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π°πΉ |
| 1pDU |
(PJ)-ππ°π
|
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ
|
(PJ)-ππ°π
π°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ
π°πΉ |
| 2pDU |
(PJ)-ππ°ππ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏππ |
(PJ)-ππ°π³πΆπ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU |
(PJ)-ππ°ππ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏππ |
(PJ)-ππ°πππ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA |
(PJ)-ππ°π²πΊ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊ |
(PJ)-ππ°π²πΊπ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA |
(PJ)-ππ°πΊ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπΊ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΊπ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA |
(PJ)-ππΉπ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ |
(PJ)-ππ°ππ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL |
(PJ)-ππ°πΌ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπΌ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΌπ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL |
(PJ)-ππΉπΈ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπΈ |
(PJ)-ππ°π³π°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL |
(PJ)-ππ°π½π³ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ½ |
(PJ)-ππ°π½π³π°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Dubitative
|
Ag. pres. |
Ag. past |
Obj. pres. |
Obj. past |
| 1pSG |
(PJ)-ππΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏ |
(PJ)-ππΏπ·π°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ·π°πΉ |
| 2pSG |
(PJ)-ππ°π |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ |
(PJ)-ππΏπΆπ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pSG |
(PJ)-ππ°πΈ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏ |
(PJ)-ππΏπΈπ°πΉ |
(PJ)-ππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ·π°πΉ |
| 1pDU |
(PJ)-ππΏπ
|
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ
|
(PJ)-ππΏπ
π°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ
π°πΉ |
| 2pDU |
(PJ)-ππΏππ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏππ |
(PJ)-ππΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU |
(PJ)-ππΏππ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏππ |
(PJ)-ππΏπππ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA |
(PJ)-ππΏπ²πΊ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ²πΊ |
(PJ)-ππΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA |
(PJ)-ππΏπΊ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΊ |
(PJ)-ππΏπΊπ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA |
(PJ)-ππ°π |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ |
(PJ)-ππΏππ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL |
(PJ)-ππΏπΌ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΌ |
(PJ)-ππΏπΌπ°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL |
(PJ)-ππ°πΈ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΈ |
(PJ)-ππΏπ³π°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL |
(PJ)-ππΏπ½π³ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ½ |
(PJ)-ππΏπ½π³π°πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Irrealis (subjunctive)
Optative
|
Ag. pres. (I) |
Ag. past (II) |
Obj. pres. (I) |
Obj. past (II) |
| 1pSG |
(PJ)-ππ°π
π° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΎπ°π
π° |
(PJ)-ππ°π
π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΎπ°π
π°πΏ |
| 2pSG |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπΆπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ° |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπΆπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG |
(PJ)-ππ°πΎπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ° |
(PJ)-ππ°πΎπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ
π° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ
π° |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ
π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ
π°πΏ |
| 2pDU |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³πΆπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ° |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπππ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπππ° |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπππ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ²πΊπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ° |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπΊπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ° |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπΊπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉππ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉππ° |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉππ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπΌπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ° |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπΌπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³π° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³π° |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ½π° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ½π° |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ½π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ½π°πΏ |
Hypothetical
|
Ag. pres. (I) |
Ag. past (II) |
Obj. pres. (I) |
Obj. past (II) |
| 1pSG |
(PJ)-ππΉπ·π° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπ·π° |
(PJ)-ππΉπ·π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπ·π°πΏ |
| 2pSG |
(PJ)-ππΉπΆπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπΆπ° |
(PJ)-ππΉπΆπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG |
(PJ)-ππΉπΈπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπΈπ° |
(PJ)-ππΉπΈπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπΈπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU |
(PJ)-ππΉπ
π° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπ
π° |
(PJ)-ππΉπ
π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπ
π°πΏ |
| 2pDU |
(PJ)-ππΉπ³πΆπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπ³πΆπ° |
(PJ)-ππΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU |
(PJ)-ππΉπππ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπππ° |
(PJ)-ππΉπππ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA |
(PJ)-ππΉπ²πΊπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπ²πΊπ° |
(PJ)-ππΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA |
(PJ)-ππΉπΊπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπΊπ° |
(PJ)-ππΉπΊπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA |
(PJ)-ππΉππ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉππ° |
(PJ)-ππΉππ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL |
(PJ)-ππΉπΌπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπΌπ° |
(PJ)-ππΉπΌπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL |
(PJ)-ππΉπ³π° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπ³π° |
(PJ)-ππΉπ³π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL |
(PJ)-ππΉπ½π° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπ½π° |
(PJ)-ππΉπ½π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΉπ½π°πΏ |
Conditional
| Strong |
Ag. pres. (I) |
Ag. past (II) |
Obj. pres. (I) |
Obj. past (II) |
| 1pSG |
(PJ)-ππΏπ·π° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ·π° |
(PJ)-ππΏπ·π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ·π°πΏ |
| 2pSG |
(PJ)-ππΏπΆπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΆπ° |
(PJ)-ππΏπΆπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG |
(PJ)-ππΏπΈπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΈπ° |
(PJ)-ππΏπΈπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΈπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU |
(PJ)-ππΏπ
π° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ
π° |
(PJ)-ππΏπ
π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ
π°πΏ |
| 2pDU |
(PJ)-ππΏπ³πΆπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ³πΆπ° |
(PJ)-ππΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU |
(PJ)-ππΏπππ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπππ° |
(PJ)-ππΏπππ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA |
(PJ)-ππΏπ²πΊπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ²πΊπ° |
(PJ)-ππΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA |
(PJ)-ππΏπΊπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΊπ° |
(PJ)-ππΏπΊπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA |
(PJ)-ππΏππ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏππ° |
(PJ)-ππΏππ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL |
(PJ)-ππΏπΌπ° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΌπ° |
(PJ)-ππΏπΌπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL |
(PJ)-ππΏπ³π° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ³π° |
(PJ)-ππΏπ³π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL |
(PJ)-ππΏπ½π° |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ½π° |
(PJ)-ππΏπ½π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π
πΏπ½π°πΏ |
Realis-irrealis
Imperative
| Strong |
Ag. pres. (I) |
Ag. past (II) |
Obj. pres. (I) |
Obj. past (II) |
| 1pSG |
(PJ)-ππ°π·π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π°πΏ |
(PJ)-ππ°π·π°πΏππΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π°πΏππΉ |
| 2pSG |
(PJ)-π |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π |
(PJ)-ππ°ππΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΆπ°ππΉ |
| 3pSG |
(PJ)-ππ°πΈπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π°πΏ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΈπ°πΏππΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π°πΏππΉ |
| 1pDU |
(PJ)-ππ°π
π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ
π°πΏ |
(PJ)-ππ°π
π°πΏππΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ
π°πΏππΉ |
| 2pDU |
(PJ)-ππ°π³πΆπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-ππ°π³πΆπ°πΏππΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏππΉ |
| 3pDU |
(PJ)-ππ°πππ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπππ°πΏ |
(PJ)-ππ°πππ°πΏππΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπππ°πΏππΉ |
| 1pPA |
(PJ)-ππ°π²πΊπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-ππ°π²πΊπ°πΏππΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏππΉ |
| 2pPA |
(PJ)-ππ°πΊπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΊπ°πΏππΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΏππΉ |
| 3pPA |
(PJ)-ππ°ππ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏππ°πΏ |
(PJ)-ππ°ππ°πΏππΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏππ°πΏππΉ |
| 1pPL |
(PJ)-ππ°πΌπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΏ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΌπ°πΏππΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΏππΉ |
| 2pPL |
(PJ)-ππ°π³π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ³π°πΏ |
(PJ)-ππ°π³π°πΏππΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ³π°πΏππΉ |
| 3pPL |
(PJ)-ππ°π½π°πΏ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ½π°πΏ |
(PJ)-ππ°π½π°πΏππΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΏπ½π°πΏππΉ |
Volitive
| Strong |
Ag. pres. (I) |
Ag. past (II) |
Obj. pres. (I) |
Obj. past (II) |
| 1pSG |
(PJ)-ππ°π
π°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΎπ°π
π°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-ππ°π
π°πΏπ
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΎπ°π
π°πΏπ
πΉ |
| 2pSG |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπΆπ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπΆπ°πΏπ
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ°πΏπ
πΉ |
| 3pSG |
(PJ)-ππ°πΎπ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΎπ°πΏπ
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ°πΏπ
πΉ |
| 1pDU |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ
π°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ
π°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ
π°πΏπ
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ
π°πΏπ
πΉ |
| 2pDU |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³πΆπ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏπ
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏπ
πΉ |
| 3pDU |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπππ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπππ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπππ°πΏπ
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπππ°πΏπ
πΉ |
| 1pPA |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ²πΊπ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏπ
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏπ
πΉ |
| 2pPA |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπΊπ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπΊπ°πΏπ
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ°πΏπ
πΉ |
| 3pPA |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉππ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉππ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉππ°πΏπ
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉππ°πΏπ
πΉ |
| 1pPL |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπΌπ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπΌπ°πΏπ
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ°πΏπ
πΉ |
| 2pPL |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³π°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³π°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³π°πΏπ
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ³π°πΏπ
πΉ |
| 3pPL |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ½π°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ½π°π
πΉ |
(PJ)-ππ°πΉπ½π°πΏπ
πΉ |
(PJ)-πππ³π΄π³π΄πΉπ½π°πΏπ
πΉ |