Occurative -ππ°π½
OCCU
Main hollow-I root-static 3
Occurative aspect is used to describe a state in which some action may occur (possibly repeatedly). Using occurative instead of frequentative implies that the base action or state does not reoccur regularly, though it is not stated by the verb explicitly.
Occurative is often used with durative-static to represent actions that may occur over long periods of time, though bare occurative also occurs rather frequently.
Frequentative verbs, like in other repeating aspects and unlike tensal gnomic-iterational, mark a one large action / state consisting of smaller actions / states.
Negated occurative explicitly marks that the base action never occurs.
Examples
Formation
Occurative, like other hollow-I aspects, declines identically to the strong base aspect in present and to hollow verbs / preterite-presents in preterite.
Occurative has an aspectual linker -π°-.
Like durative-temporary, occurative always requires a base aspectual linker, unless attached to a bare root ending in a vowel.
| Pres. part. | Past part. | Gerund | Ag. inf. | Obj. inf. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (PJ)-ππ°π½π³π | (PJ)-πππ | (PJ)-ππ°π½π | (PJ)-ππ°π½ | (PJ)-ππ°π |
- Present participle has a-Δ«n-stem declension.
- Past participle has a-stem declension.
- Gerund behaves as a feminine i-stem noun.
Realis
Indicative
| Ag. pres. | Ag. past | Obj. pres. | Obj. past | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PJ)-ππ° | (PJ)-πππ° | (PJ)-ππ°π·π°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ°πΉ |
| 2pSG | (PJ)-ππΉπ | (PJ)-πππ΄π | (PJ)-ππ°πΆπ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | (PJ)-ππΉπΈ | (PJ)-πππ° | (PJ)-ππ°πΈπ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ°πΉ |
| 1pDU | (PJ)-ππ°π | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ | (PJ)-ππ°π π°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | (PJ)-ππ°ππ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏππ | (PJ)-ππ°π³πΆπ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | (PJ)-ππ°ππ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏππ | (PJ)-ππ°πππ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | (PJ)-ππ°π²πΊ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ²πΊ | (PJ)-ππ°π²πΊπ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | (PJ)-ππ°πΊ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπΊ | (PJ)-ππ°πΊπ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | (PJ)-ππΉπ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ | (PJ)-ππ°ππ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | (PJ)-ππ°πΌ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπΌ | (PJ)-ππ°πΌπ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | (PJ)-ππΉπΈ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπΈ | (PJ)-ππ°π³π°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | (PJ)-ππ°π½π³ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ½ | (PJ)-ππ°π½π³π°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Dubitative
| Ag. pres. | Ag. past | Obj. pres. | Obj. past | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PJ)-ππΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏ | (PJ)-ππΏπ·π°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ·π°πΉ |
| 2pSG | (PJ)-ππ°π | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ | (PJ)-ππΏπΆπ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | (PJ)-ππ°πΈ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏ | (PJ)-ππΏπΈπ°πΉ | (PJ)-ππ³π΄π³π πΏπ·π°πΉ |
| 1pDU | (PJ)-ππΏπ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ | (PJ)-ππΏπ π°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | (PJ)-ππΏππ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏππ | (PJ)-ππΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | (PJ)-ππΏππ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏππ | (PJ)-ππΏπππ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | (PJ)-ππΏπ²πΊ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ²πΊ | (PJ)-ππΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | (PJ)-ππΏπΊ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΊ | (PJ)-ππΏπΊπ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | (PJ)-ππ°π | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ | (PJ)-ππΏππ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | (PJ)-ππΏπΌ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΌ | (PJ)-ππΏπΌπ°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | (PJ)-ππ°πΈ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΈ | (PJ)-ππΏπ³π°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | (PJ)-ππΏπ½π³ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ½ | (PJ)-ππΏπ½π³π°πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Irrealis (subjunctive)
Optative
| Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PJ)-ππ°π π° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΎπ°π π° | (PJ)-ππ°π π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΎπ°π π°πΏ |
| 2pSG | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπΆπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ° | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπΆπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG | (PJ)-ππ°πΎπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ° | (PJ)-ππ°πΎπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ π° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ π° | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ π°πΏ |
| 2pDU | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³πΆπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ° | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπππ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπππ° | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπππ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ²πΊπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ° | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπΊπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ° | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπΊπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA | (PJ)-ππ°πΉππ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉππ° | (PJ)-ππ°πΉππ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπΌπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ° | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπΌπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³π° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ³π° | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ½π° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ½π° | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ½π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ½π°πΏ |
Hypothetical
| Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PJ)-ππΉπ·π° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπ·π° | (PJ)-ππΉπ·π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπ·π°πΏ |
| 2pSG | (PJ)-ππΉπΆπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπΆπ° | (PJ)-ππΉπΆπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG | (PJ)-ππΉπΈπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπΈπ° | (PJ)-ππΉπΈπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπΈπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU | (PJ)-ππΉπ π° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπ π° | (PJ)-ππΉπ π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπ π°πΏ |
| 2pDU | (PJ)-ππΉπ³πΆπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπ³πΆπ° | (PJ)-ππΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU | (PJ)-ππΉπππ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπππ° | (PJ)-ππΉπππ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA | (PJ)-ππΉπ²πΊπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπ²πΊπ° | (PJ)-ππΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA | (PJ)-ππΉπΊπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπΊπ° | (PJ)-ππΉπΊπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA | (PJ)-ππΉππ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉππ° | (PJ)-ππΉππ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL | (PJ)-ππΉπΌπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπΌπ° | (PJ)-ππΉπΌπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL | (PJ)-ππΉπ³π° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπ³π° | (PJ)-ππΉπ³π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL | (PJ)-ππΉπ½π° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπ½π° | (PJ)-ππΉπ½π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΉπ½π°πΏ |
Conditional
| Strong | Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PJ)-ππΏπ·π° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ·π° | (PJ)-ππΏπ·π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ·π°πΏ |
| 2pSG | (PJ)-ππΏπΆπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΆπ° | (PJ)-ππΏπΆπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pSG | (PJ)-ππΏπΈπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΈπ° | (PJ)-ππΏπΈπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΈπ°πΏ |
| 1pDU | (PJ)-ππΏπ π° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ π° | (PJ)-ππΏπ π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ π°πΏ |
| 2pDU | (PJ)-ππΏπ³πΆπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ³πΆπ° | (PJ)-ππΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ |
| 3pDU | (PJ)-ππΏπππ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπππ° | (PJ)-ππΏπππ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπππ°πΏ |
| 1pPA | (PJ)-ππΏπ²πΊπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ²πΊπ° | (PJ)-ππΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ |
| 2pPA | (PJ)-ππΏπΊπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΊπ° | (PJ)-ππΏπΊπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΊπ°πΏ |
| 3pPA | (PJ)-ππΏππ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏππ° | (PJ)-ππΏππ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏππ°πΏ |
| 1pPL | (PJ)-ππΏπΌπ° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΌπ° | (PJ)-ππΏπΌπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπΌπ°πΏ |
| 2pPL | (PJ)-ππΏπ³π° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ³π° | (PJ)-ππΏπ³π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ³π°πΏ |
| 3pPL | (PJ)-ππΏπ½π° | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ½π° | (PJ)-ππΏπ½π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π πΏπ½π°πΏ |
Realis-irrealis
Imperative
| Strong | Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PJ)-ππ°π·π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π°πΏ | (PJ)-ππ°π·π°πΏππΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π°πΏππΉ |
| 2pSG | (PJ)-π | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π | (PJ)-ππ°ππΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΆπ°ππΉ |
| 3pSG | (PJ)-ππ°πΈπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π°πΏ | (PJ)-ππ°πΈπ°πΏππΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π°πΏππΉ |
| 1pDU | (PJ)-ππ°π π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ π°πΏ | (PJ)-ππ°π π°πΏππΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ π°πΏππΉ |
| 2pDU | (PJ)-ππ°π³πΆπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏ | (PJ)-ππ°π³πΆπ°πΏππΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΏππΉ |
| 3pDU | (PJ)-ππ°πππ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπππ°πΏ | (PJ)-ππ°πππ°πΏππΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπππ°πΏππΉ |
| 1pPA | (PJ)-ππ°π²πΊπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏ | (PJ)-ππ°π²πΊπ°πΏππΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΏππΉ |
| 2pPA | (PJ)-ππ°πΊπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΏ | (PJ)-ππ°πΊπ°πΏππΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΏππΉ |
| 3pPA | (PJ)-ππ°ππ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏππ°πΏ | (PJ)-ππ°ππ°πΏππΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏππ°πΏππΉ |
| 1pPL | (PJ)-ππ°πΌπ°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΏ | (PJ)-ππ°πΌπ°πΏππΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΏππΉ |
| 2pPL | (PJ)-ππ°π³π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ³π°πΏ | (PJ)-ππ°π³π°πΏππΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ³π°πΏππΉ |
| 3pPL | (PJ)-ππ°π½π°πΏ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ½π°πΏ | (PJ)-ππ°π½π°πΏππΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΏπ½π°πΏππΉ |
Volitive
| Strong | Ag. pres. (I) | Ag. past (II) | Obj. pres. (I) | Obj. past (II) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | (PJ)-ππ°π π°π πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΎπ°π π°π πΉ | (PJ)-ππ°π π°πΏπ πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΎπ°π π°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pSG | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπΆπ°π πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ°π πΉ | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπΆπ°πΏπ πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπΆπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pSG | (PJ)-ππ°πΎπ°π πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ°π πΉ | (PJ)-ππ°πΎπ°πΏπ πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³πΎπ°πΎπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 1pDU | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ π°π πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ π°π πΉ | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ π°πΏπ πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ π°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pDU | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³πΆπ°π πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°π πΉ | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏπ πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ³πΆπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pDU | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπππ°π πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπππ°π πΉ | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπππ°πΏπ πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπππ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 1pPA | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ²πΊπ°π πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°π πΉ | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏπ πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ²πΊπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pPA | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπΊπ°π πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ°π πΉ | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπΊπ°πΏπ πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπΊπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pPA | (PJ)-ππ°πΉππ°π πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉππ°π πΉ | (PJ)-ππ°πΉππ°πΏπ πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉππ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 1pPL | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπΌπ°π πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ°π πΉ | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπΌπ°πΏπ πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπΌπ°πΏπ πΉ |
| 2pPL | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³π°π πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ³π°π πΉ | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ³π°πΏπ πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ³π°πΏπ πΉ |
| 3pPL | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ½π°π πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ½π°π πΉ | (PJ)-ππ°πΉπ½π°πΏπ πΉ | (PJ)-πππ΄π³π΄πΉπ½π°πΏπ πΉ |