Irregular verbs
Irregular verbs do not fit into the normal regular paradigms.
Irregularly declined regular verbs (such as ablauting hollow π±ππΉπ²π²π°π½ or hollow π πΉπ»πΎπ°π½ which does not feature present indicative forms) are not included here.
π²π°π²π²π°π½ (to go)
A suppletive S-VIIc1 verb that has an irregular weak-like past tense conjugation.
| Ag. pres. | Ag. past | Obj. pres. | Obj. past | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | π²π°π²π²π° | πΉπ³π³πΎπ° | π²π°π²π²π°π·π°πΉ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ°πΉ |
| 2pSG | π²π°π²π²πΉπ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π | π²π°π²π²πΉπΆπ°πΉ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | π²π°π²π²πΉπΈ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ° | π²π°π²π²π°πΈπ°πΉ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ°πΉ |
| 1pDU | π²π°π²π²π°π | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπ | π²π°π²π²π°π π°πΉ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | π²π°π²π²π°ππ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏππ | π²π°π²π²π°π³πΆπ°πΉ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | π²π°π²π²π°ππ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏππ | π²π°π²π²π°πππ°πΉ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | π²π°π²π²π°π²πΊ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπ²πΊ | π²π°π²π²π°π²πΊπ°πΉ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | π²π°π²π²π°πΊ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπΊ | π²π°π²π²π°πΊπ°πΉ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | π²π°π²π²πΉπ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπ | π²π°π²π²π°ππ°πΉ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | π²π°π²π²π°πΌ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπΌ | π²π°π²π²π°πΌπ°πΉ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | π²π°π²π²π°πΈ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπΈ | π²π°π²π²π°π³π°πΉ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | π²π°π²π²π°π½π³ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπ½ | π²π°π²π²π°π½π³π°πΉ | πΉπ³π³πΎπ΄π³πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Base aspect past forms too use the weak-like πΉπ³π³πΎ- root.
Non-base aspects are derived regularly from the S-VIIc1 root π²π°π²π²-.
π πΉππ°π½ (to be)
A suppletive S-V verb that has an irregular present tense conjugation.
| Ag. pres. | Ag. past | Obj. pres. | Obj. past | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | πΉπΌ | π π°π | ππΉπΎπ°π·π°πΉ | π π°ππ°πΉ |
| 2pSG | πΉπ | π π°ππ | ππΉπΎπ°πΆπ°πΉ | π π°πππ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | πΉππ | π π°π | ππΉπΎπ°πΈπ°πΉ | π π°ππ°πΉ |
| 1pDU | ππΉπΎπ°π | π π°ππΏπ | ππΉπΎπ°π π°πΉ | π π°ππΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | ππΉπΎπ°ππ | π π°ππΏππ | ππΉπΎπ°π³πΆπ°πΉ | π π°ππΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | ππΉπΎπ°ππ | π π°ππΏππ | ππΉπΎπ°πππ°πΉ | π π°ππΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | ππΉπΎπ°π²πΊ | π π΄ππΏπ²πΊ | ππΉπΎπ°π²πΊπ°πΉ | π π΄ππΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | ππΉπΎπ°πΊ | π π΄ππΏπΊ | ππΉπΎπ°πΊπ°πΉ | π π΄ππΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | ππΉπΎπ°π | π π΄ππΏπ | ππΉπΎπ°ππ°πΉ | π π΄ππΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | ππΉπΎπ°πΌ | π π΄ππΏπΌ | ππΉπΎπ°πΌπ°πΉ | π π΄ππΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | ππΉπΎπ°πΈ | π π΄ππΏπΈ | ππΉπΎπ°π³π°πΉ | π π΄ππΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | ππΉπ½π³ | π π΄ππΏπ½ | ππΉπΎπ°π½π³π°πΉ | π π΄ππΏπ½π°πΉ |
All other base aspect moods use root ππΉπΎ- with even vowels as a present indicative base in all numbers and persons.
Non-base aspects are derived regularly from the S-V root π πΉπ-.
π±πΉπΏπ½ (to remain, to not change)
A hollow-like verb, with some present-tense forms reminiscent of those of the verb π πΉππ°π½.
| Ag. pres. | Ag. past | Obj. pres. | Obj. past | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | π±πΉπΏπΌ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³ | π±πΉπΎπ°π·π°πΉ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 2pSG | π±πΉπΏπ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π | π±πΉπΎπ°πΆπ°πΉ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | π±πΉπΏπΈ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³ | π±πΉπΎπ°πΈπ°πΉ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 1pDU | π±πΉπΎπ°π | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπ | π±πΉπΎπ°π π°πΉ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | π±πΉπΎπ°ππ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏππ | π±πΉπΎπ°π³πΆπ°πΉ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | π±πΉπΎπ°ππ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏππ | π±πΉπΎπ°πππ°πΉ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | π±πΉπΎπ°π²πΊ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊ | π±πΉπΎπ°π²πΊπ°πΉ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | π±πΉπΎπ°πΊ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπΊ | π±πΉπΎπ°πΊπ°πΉ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | π±πΉπΎπ°π | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπ | π±πΉπΎπ°ππ°πΉ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | π±πΉπΎπ°πΌ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπΌ | π±πΉπΎπ°πΌπ°πΉ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | π±πΉπΎπ°πΈ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπΈ | π±πΉπΎπ°π³π°πΉ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | π±πΉπΏπ½π³ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπ½ | π±πΉπΎπ°π½π³π°πΉ | π±π°ΜπΏπ³π΄π³πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Other moods use root π±πΉπΎ- with even vowels as a base in present tense and weak-like π±π°ΜπΏπ³- in the past.
Other aspect use a non-ablauting root π±πΉπΎ- as a base.
π³ππ½ (to act)
An S-V verb with irregular present tense forms.
| Ag. pres. | Ag. past | Obj. pres. | Obj. past | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | π³ππΌ | π³π°π³ | π³πΏπΎπ°π·π°πΉ | π³π°π³π°πΉ |
| 2pSG | π³ππ | π³π°ππ | π³πΏπΎπ°πΆπ°πΉ | π³π°πππ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | π³ππΈ | π³π°π³ | π³πΏπΎπ°πΈπ°πΉ | π³π°π³π°πΉ |
| 1pDU | π³πΏπΎπ°π | π³π°π³πΏπ | π³πΏπΎπ°π π°πΉ | π³π°π³πΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | π³πΏπΎπ°ππ | π³π°π³πΏππ | π³πΏπΎπ°π³πΆπ°πΉ | π³π°π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | π³πΏπΎπ°ππ | π³π°π³πΏππ | π³πΏπΎπ°πππ°πΉ | π³π°π³πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | π³πΏπΎπ°π²πΊ | π³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊ | π³πΏπΎπ°π²πΊπ°πΉ | π³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | π³πΏπΎπ°πΊ | π³π΄π³πΏπΊ | π³πΏπΎπ°πΊπ°πΉ | π³π΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | π³πΏπΎπ°π | π³π΄π³πΏπ | π³πΏπΎπ°ππ°πΉ | π³π΄π³πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | π³πΏπΎπ°πΌ | π³π΄π³πΏπΌ | π³πΏπΎπ°πΌπ°πΉ | π³π΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | π³πΏπΎπ°πΈ | π³π΄π³πΏπΈ | π³πΏπΎπ°π³π°πΉ | π³π΄π³πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | π³ππ½π³ | π³π΄π³πΏπ½ | π³πΏπΎπ°π½π³π°πΉ | π³π΄π³πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Other moods use root π³πΏπΎ- with even vowels as a base in present tense.
Other aspect use a regular S-V root π³πΉπ³- as a base.
πππ°π½ (to stand)
A vowelless hollow verb. Should not be confused with regular S-VI n-present verb πππ°π½π³π°π½ with the same meaning.
| Ag. pres. | Ag. past | Obj. pres. | Obj. past | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | πππ° | πππ°π³π° | πππ°π·π°πΉ | πππ°π³π°πΉ |
| 2pSG | πππ°π | πππ°π³π΄π | πππ°πΆπ°πΉ | πππ°π³π΄πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | πππ°πΈ | πππ°π³π° | πππ°πΈπ°πΉ | πππ°π³π°πΉ |
| 1pDU | πππ°π | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπ | πππ°π π°πΉ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | πππ°ππ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏππ | πππ°π³πΆπ°πΉ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | πππ°ππ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏππ | πππ°πππ°πΉ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | πππ°π²πΊ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊ | πππ°π²πΊπ°πΉ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | πππ°πΊ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπΊ | πππ°πΊπ°πΉ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | πππ°π | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπ | πππ°ππ°πΉ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | πππ°πΌ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπΌ | πππ°πΌπ°πΉ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | πππ°πΈ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπΈ | πππ°π³π°πΉ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | πππ°π½π³ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπ½ | πππ°π½π³π°πΉ | πππ°π³π΄π³πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Other moods use ππ- with even vowels as a base in present tense. Other aspects too use ππ- as a base, requiring an aspect linker if followed by a consonant aspect.
ππ π°π½ (to double)
Another vowelless hollow verb similar to "πππ°π½" which has very similar features.
| Ag. pres. | Ag. past | Obj. pres. | Obj. past | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | ππ π° | ππ π°π³π° | ππ π°π·π°πΉ | ππ π°π³π°πΉ |
| 2pSG | ππ π°π | ππ π°π³π΄π | ππ π°πΆπ°πΉ | ππ π°π³π΄πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pSG | ππ π°πΈ | ππ π°π³π° | ππ π°πΈπ°πΉ | ππ π°π³π°πΉ |
| 1pDU | ππ π°π | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπ | ππ π°π π°πΉ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπ π°πΉ |
| 2pDU | ππ π°ππ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏππ | ππ π°π³πΆπ°πΉ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπ³πΆπ°πΉ |
| 3pDU | ππ π°ππ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏππ | ππ π°πππ°πΉ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπππ°πΉ |
| 1pPA | ππ π°π²πΊ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊ | ππ π°π²πΊπ°πΉ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπ²πΊπ°πΉ |
| 2pPA | ππ π°πΊ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπΊ | ππ π°πΊπ°πΉ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπΊπ°πΉ |
| 3pPA | ππ π°π | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπ | ππ π°ππ°πΉ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏππ°πΉ |
| 1pPL | ππ π°πΌ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπΌ | ππ π°πΌπ°πΉ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπΌπ°πΉ |
| 2pPL | ππ π°πΈ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπΈ | ππ π°π³π°πΉ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπ³π°πΉ |
| 3pPL | ππ π°π½π³ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπ½ | ππ π°π½π³π°πΉ | ππ π°π³π΄π³πΏπ½π°πΉ |
Other moods use ππ - with even vowels as a base in present tense. Other aspects too use ππ - as a base, requiring an aspect linker if followed by a consonant aspect.