Dubitative mood
dub.
Realis
Objective marker: -饜尠饜尮
艒-grade: -饜尮饜尶-
膿-grade: -饜尨饜尮-
Dubitative mood is used with real actions that may have occured, may occur or will may occur. Dubitative actions are not guaranteed, often expressing doubt, while dubitative by itself does not say anything about exact probability: it is defined through specific adverbs.
As a realis mood, dubitative features real present and past tenses, meaning that the verbs in a past tense indeed occured in the past, while non-past verbs strictly indicate actions that occur in the present or will occur in the future.
Examples
In complex sentences dubitative is often used over independent clauses that use verbs of assumption or doubt:
In protasis of a conditional sentence, dubitative have a semi-realis characteristic:
- If apodosis uses a realis mood, the apodosis is expected to be fulfilled regadless of fulfillment of the dubitative action.
- If apodosis uses conditional mood, the apodosis is expected to be fulfilled if and only if the dubitative action is fulfilled.
The usage of dubitative + conditional instead of hypothetical + conditional marks that the action is already expected to happen, to be happening or to happen in the future, while the hypotheticals express non-real actions that usually don't bear significant expectations behind them (though in the case of hypothetical I they still may be realistic).
Formation
| Ag. pres. | Ag. past | Obj. pres. | Obj. past | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1pSG | P-饜尶 | PN-饜崊饜尶 | P-饜尶饜尫饜尠饜尮 | PN-饜崊饜尶饜尫饜尠饜尮 |
| 2pSG | P-饜尠饜崈 | PN-饜崊饜尶饜崈 | P-饜尶饜尪饜尠饜尮 | PN-饜崊饜尶饜尪饜尠饜尮 |
| 3pSG | P-饜尠饜尭 | PN-饜崊饜尶 | P-饜尶饜尭饜尠饜尮 | PN-饜崊饜尶饜尫饜尠饜尮 |
| 1pDU | P-饜尶饜崊 | PN-饜崊饜尶饜崊 | P-饜尶饜崊饜尠饜尮 | PN-饜崊饜尶饜崊饜尠饜尮 |
| 2pDU | P-饜尶饜崉饜崈 | PN-饜崊饜尶饜崉饜崈 | P-饜尶饜尦饜尪饜尠饜尮 | PN-饜崊饜尶饜尦饜尪饜尠饜尮 |
| 3pDU | P-饜尶饜崉饜崈 | PN-饜崊饜尶饜崉饜崈 | P-饜尶饜崉饜崈饜尠饜尮 | PN-饜崊饜尶饜崉饜崈饜尠饜尮 |
| 1pPA | P-饜尶饜尣饜尯 | PJ-饜崊饜尶饜尣饜尯 | P-饜尶饜尣饜尯饜尠饜尮 | PJ-饜崊饜尶饜尣饜尯饜尠饜尮 |
| 2pPA | P-饜尶饜尯 | PJ-饜崊饜尶饜尯 | P-饜尶饜尯饜尠饜尮 | PJ-饜崊饜尶饜尯饜尠饜尮 |
| 3pPA | P-饜尠饜崌 | PJ-饜崊饜尶饜崌 | P-饜尶饜崌饜尠饜尮 | PJ-饜崊饜尶饜崌饜尠饜尮 |
| 1pPL | P-饜尶饜尲 | PJ-饜崊饜尶饜尲 | P-饜尶饜尲饜尠饜尮 | PJ-饜崊饜尶饜尲饜尠饜尮 |
| 2pPL | P-饜尠饜尭 | PJ-饜崊饜尶饜尭 | P-饜尶饜尦饜尠饜尮 | PJ-饜崊饜尶饜尦饜尠饜尮 |
| 3pPL | P-饜尶饜尳饜尦 | PJ-饜崊饜尶饜尳 | P-饜尶饜尳饜尦饜尠饜尮 | PJ-饜崊饜尶饜尳饜尠饜尮 |
Strong-like dubitatives use degraded odd vowels in agentive mode and even vowels in objective mode.
As a realis mood, dubitative distinguish between past minor (in sinuglars and duals) and past major (in paucals and plurals) vowels in root-dynamic aspects.