Hypothetical mood

hyp.

Pure irrealis

Objective marker: -饜尠饜尶

艒-grade: -饜尠虄饜尶-

膿-grade: -饜尠虄饜尮-


Hypothetical mood is used for sourceless (not stemming from a context-defined condition) generally emotionally neutral actions. It is most frequently encountered in the protases of conditional sentences.

As an irrealis mood, hypothetical is grammatically tenseless, while morphological present (I) and past (II) tenses express different submoods:

Hypothetical I (present hypothetical) expresses a realistic hypothetical action (an action that may actually take place).

饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮
"if"
饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮 - if
饜尠饜崋饜尠饜崅饜尣饜尮饜崈饜崉饜崅饜尠饜尦饜尠饜尣饜尮饜崈
"the day after tomorrow"
饜尠饜崋饜尠饜崅饜尣饜尮饜崈饜崉饜崅饜尠饜尦饜尠饜尣饜尮饜崈 - the day after tomorrow
饜崅饜尮饜尣饜尳饜尠饜尡饜尮饜尭饜尠
"what if it rains for a while"
饜崅饜尮饜尣饜尳饜尠饜尳 - to rain
S-III-饜尣饜尠
GenP DUTE
I ag. hyp. 3pSG
,
饜崁饜尮饜尯饜尳饜尮饜尯
"picnic"
饜崁饜尮饜尯饜尳饜尮饜尯饜崈 - picnic
m. i-stem inan.
acc. sg.
饜尶饜尪饜尠饜崅饜尠饜尳饜尶
"of us few"
饜尶饜尪饜尠饜崅 - of us few
a-stem, no weak
m. acc. sg.
饜尣饜尠饜崈饜崁饜尮饜尰饜尭饜尶饜尭饜尠饜尶
"would be destroyed it"
饜崈饜崁饜尮饜尰饜尭饜尠饜尳 - to destroy oneself
S-III-饜尣饜尠
GenP BASE
I obj. cond. 3pSG
路
If it rains the day after tomorrow, our picnic will be ruined.
饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮
"if"
饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮 - if
饜尡饜尠饜尣饜尯饜尠
"bank"
饜尡饜尠饜尣饜尯饜尠 - bank
f. 艒-stem
nom. sg.
饜尲饜尮饜崈
"to me"
饜尮饜尯 - I
dat.
饜尠饜崋饜崉饜崅饜尠
"again"
饜尠饜崋饜崉饜崅饜尠 - again
饜尶饜崈饜崌饜崅饜尠饜尣饜尣饜尵饜尮饜尭饜尠
"what if it calls"
饜崌饜崅饜尠饜尣饜尣饜尵饜尠饜尳 - to call
W-饜尶饜崈
GenP BASE
I ag. opt. 3pSG
,
饜尠饜尳饜尣饜崅饜尮饜尲饜尲饜尶饜尫饜尠饜尶
"would start raging me"
饜尣饜崅饜尮饜尲饜尲饜尠饜尳 - to rage, to be furious
W-饜尶饜崈
IncP BASE
I obj. cond. 1pSG
路
If the bank calls me again, I will be furious.
饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮
"if"
饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮 - if
饜尲饜尠饜尳饜尶饜尳饜崈
"people"
饜尲饜尠饜尳饜尳饜尠 - person
mixed genderless m. sc-stem
acc. pl.
饜尠饜崋饜崉饜崅饜尠
"again"
饜尠饜崋饜崉饜崅饜尠 - again
饜尠饜崅饜崉饜尵饜尠饜尰饜尮饜尭饜尠
"will be regularly annoying"
饜尠饜崅饜崉饜尵饜尠饜尳 - to annoy
W-饜尶饜崈
Imp FREQ
I ag. hyp. 3pSG
,
饜尮饜尳饜尶
"him"
饜尮饜崈 - he
acc.
饜尶饜崈饜尣饜尠饜崊饜尠饜崅饜崁饜尶饜尦饜尠饜尶
"please throw away"
饜尶饜崈饜崊饜尠饜尮饜崅饜崁饜尠饜尳 - to throw away
S-III-饜尣饜尠
GenP BASE
II ag. imp. 2pPL
-
饜尲饜尮
"how about that?"
饜尲饜尮 - offer particle
路
If he annoys people again, kick him out.

Hypothetical I + conditional should not be conflated with dubitative + conditional: actions described by dubitative + conditional have a significat expectation of them happening (for this reason dubitative is realis), while actions described by hypothetical I while being possible, are not inherently expected to happen in the context of the sentence.

Hypothetical II (past hypothetical) expresses a counterfactual action, which is either impossible or highly unlikely.

饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮
"if"
饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮 - if
饜尭饜尠饜崅
"there"
饜尭饜尠饜崅 - there
饜崊饜尨饜崈饜崊饜尮饜尣饜尯饜尠
"what if we few had been"
饜崊饜尮饜崈饜尠饜尳 - to be
irreg. S-V suppl.
Imp BASE
II ag. hyp. 1pPA
,
饜尭饜尠
"that"
饜崈饜尠 - that
irreg.
acc. sg.
饜尣饜尠饜崈饜尯饜尠饜尮饜尫饜尠饜尳
"to happen"
饜崈饜尯饜尠饜尮饜尫饜尠饜尳 - happen
S-V-饜尣饜尠
GenP BASE
ag. inf.
饜尳饜尮
"not"
饜尳饜尮 - not
饜尣饜尠饜尰饜尨饜崉饜尶饜尣饜尯饜尠
"we would not let"
饜尰饜尨饜崉饜尠饜尳 - to let
S-VIId2-饜尣饜尠
GenP BASE
I ag. cond. 1pPA
If we had been there, we would not have let that happen.
饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮
"if"
饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮 - if
饜尭饜尶饜尯
"thou"
饜尭饜尶 - thou
acc.
饜崊饜尨饜崈饜尠虅饜尮饜尦饜尨饜尦饜崊饜尮饜尫饜尠饜尶
"what if had generally been me"
饜崊饜尮饜崈饜尠饜尳 - to be
S-V-饜尣饜尠 suppl.
Imp DUST
II obj. hyp. 1pSG
,
饜尣饜尠饜崋饜崅饜尠饜尲饜尨饜尰饜尶饜尫饜尠
"I would resign"
饜崋饜崅饜尠饜尲饜尨饜尰饜尠饜尳 - to resign
S-VIId1-饜尣饜尠
GenP BASE
I ag. cond. 1pSG
路
If I were you, I would resign.
饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮
"if"
饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮 - if
饜尲饜尮饜尰饜尮饜尶饜崅饜尦饜尠饜崅饜尮
"billionaire"
饜尲饜尮饜尰饜尮饜尶饜崅饜尦饜尠饜崅饜尨饜尮饜崈 - billionaire
GP-JAS: m. ja-stem anim.
acc. sg.
饜崊饜尨饜崈饜尠虅饜尮饜尦饜尨饜尦饜崊饜尮饜尭饜尠饜尶
"what if had generally been him"
饜崊饜尮饜崈饜尠饜尳 - to be
S-V-饜尣饜尠 suppl.
Imp DUST
II obj. hyp. 3pSG
,
饜崋饜尠饜尣饜尵饜尠饜尮
"fey"
饜崋饜尠饜尣饜尨饜尮饜崈 - fey
ja-stem
str. m. acc. pl.
饜崊饜尨饜崈饜尶虅饜尲饜尠饜尶
"would be us"
饜崊饜尮饜崈饜尠饜尳 - to be
S-V-饜尣饜尠 suppl.
Imp DUST
I obj. cond. 1pPL
路
If he were a billionaire, we would be doomed.

Due to their sourceless nature, hypotheticals rarely occur outside of conditional sentences. In cases when they occur, hypotheticals require further elaboration.

Formation

Ag. I Ag. II Obj. I Obj. II
1pSG P-饜尮饜尫饜尠 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尫饜尠 P-饜尮饜尫饜尠饜尶 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尫饜尠饜尶
2pSG P-饜尮饜尪饜尠 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尪饜尠 P-饜尮饜尪饜尠饜尶 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尪饜尠饜尶
3pSG P-饜尮饜尭饜尠 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尭饜尠 P-饜尮饜尭饜尠饜尶 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尭饜尠饜尶
1pDU P-饜尮饜崊饜尠 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜崊饜尠 P-饜尮饜崊饜尠饜尶 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜崊饜尠饜尶
2pDU P-饜尮饜尦饜尪饜尠 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尦饜尪饜尠 P-饜尮饜尦饜尪饜尠饜尶 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尦饜尪饜尠饜尶
3pDU P-饜尮饜崉饜崈饜尠 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜崉饜崈饜尠 P-饜尮饜崉饜崈饜尠饜尶 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜崉饜崈饜尠饜尶
1pPA P-饜尮饜尣饜尯饜尠 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尣饜尯饜尠 P-饜尮饜尣饜尯饜尠饜尶 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尣饜尯饜尠饜尶
2pPA P-饜尮饜尯饜尠 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尯饜尠 P-饜尮饜尯饜尠饜尶 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尯饜尠饜尶
3pPA P-饜尮饜崌饜尠 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜崌饜尠 P-饜尮饜崌饜尠饜尶 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜崌饜尠饜尮
1pPL P-饜尮饜尲饜尠 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尲饜尠 P-饜尮饜尲饜尠饜尶 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尲饜尠饜尶
2pPL P-饜尮饜尦饜尠 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尦饜尠 P-饜尮饜尦饜尠饜尶 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尦饜尠饜尶
3pPL P-饜尮饜尳饜尠 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尳饜尠 P-饜尮饜尳饜尠饜尶 PJ-饜崊饜尮饜尳饜尠饜尶

Strong-like hypotheticals use elevated even vowels in agentive mode with a subjunctive marker -饜尠.

Durative-static uses -饜尠虅饜尶- as leading vowel in all non-past forms.

As an irrealis mood, hypothetical only uses the major past vowel in root-dynamic aspects.