Indicative mood

ind.

Realis

Objective marker: -𐌰𐌹

ō-grade: -𐍉-

Δ“-grade: -𐌴-


Indicative mood is used with real actions that occured, occur or will occur. Indicative actions are guaranteed and the mood is not used with the words of doubt like "πŒ°Μ„πŒΏπ†π„π‰" (maybe), as for these cases dubitative mood is used instead.

As a realis mood, indicative features real present and past tenses, meaning that the verbs in a past tense indeed occured in the past, while non-past verbs strictly indicate actions that occur in the present or will occur in the future.

Examples

πŒ²πŒΉπƒπ„π‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπƒ
"tomorrow"
πŒ²πŒΉπƒπ„π‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπƒ - tomorrow
πŒ°π‚πŒ±πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπ‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ½πŒ°πŒΈ
"into factory"
πŒ°π‚πŒ±πŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπ‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ½ - factory
nt. a-stem inan.
all. sg.
𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰
"I will go"
𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 - to go
suppl. S-VIIc1-𐌲𐌰
Imp BASE
pr. ag. ind. 1pSG
Β·
Tomorrow I will go to the factory.
πŒ·πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πƒ
"dog"
πŒ·πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πƒ - dog
m. a-stem anim.
nom. sg.
πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ±
"sausage"
πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ±πƒ - sausage
m. i-stem inan.
acc. sg.
𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌿
"my"
πŒΌπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πƒ - my
a-stem, no weak
m. acc. sg.
πŒ²πŒ°πŒ΄π„
"it ate"
πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒ½ - to eat
S-V-𐌲𐌰 irreg.
GenP BASE
past. ag. ind. 3pSG
Β·
The dog ate my sausage.
𐍈𐌴𐌷
"with every"
𐍈𐌰𐌢𐌿𐌷 - every
irreg.
m. instr. sg. (inan.)
πƒπŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒΉπŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°
"with Sunday"
πƒπŒ°Μ„πŒΏπŒΉπŒ»πŒΉπƒπŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πƒ - Sunday
m. a-stem inan.
instr. sg.
πŒΎπŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°π‚
"in yon"
πŒΎπŒ°Μ„πŒΉπŒ½πƒ - yon
a-stem, no weak
m. loc. sg.
π€πŒ°π‚πŒΊπŒ°πŒ½π‚
"in park"
π€πŒ°π‚πŒΊπŒ° - park
m. an-stem inan.
loc. sg.
πƒπ„πŒ°π€π€π‰πŒ²πŒΊ
"we few walk every time"
πƒπ„πŒ°π€πŒ°πŒ½ - to go for a walk, to stroll
S-VI-𐌲𐌰
Imp GNIT
pres. ag. ind. 1pPA
Β·
We walk in that park over there every Sunday.

Formation

Because of the fact that past indicative behaves differently in base aspect stong verbs and in weak verbs, weak endings are provided separately here.

Strong base Ag. pres. Ag. past Obj. pres. Obj. past
1pSG P-𐌰 PN- P-𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹 PN-𐌰𐌹
2pSG P-πŒΉπƒ PN-𐍄 P-𐌰𐌢𐌰𐌹 PN-π„πŒ°πŒΉ
3pSG P-𐌹𐌸 PN- P-𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌹 PN-𐌰𐌹
1pDU P-πŒ°π… PN-πŒΏπ… P-πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΉ PN-πŒΏπ…πŒ°πŒΉ
2pDU P-πŒ°π„πƒ PN-πŒΏπ„πƒ P-𐌰𐌳𐌢𐌰𐌹 PN-𐌿𐌳𐌢𐌰𐌹
3pDU P-πŒ°π„πƒ PN-πŒΏπ„πƒ P-πŒ°π„πƒπŒ°πŒΉ PN-πŒΏπ„πƒπŒ°πŒΉ
1pPA P-𐌰𐌲𐌺 PJ-𐌿𐌲𐌺 P-𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌹 PJ-𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌹
2pPA P-𐌰𐌺 PJ-𐌿𐌺 P-𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌹 PJ-𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹
3pPA P-πŒΉπ‡ PJ-πŒΏπ‡ P-πŒ°π‡πŒ°πŒΉ PJ-πŒΏπ‡πŒ°πŒΉ
1pPL P-𐌰𐌼 PJ-𐌿𐌼 P-𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹 PJ-𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌹
2pPL P-𐌹𐌸 PJ-𐌿𐌸 P-𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌹 PJ-𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹
3pPL P-𐌰𐌽𐌳 PJ-𐌿𐌽 P-𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹 PJ-𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌹

Strong-like indicatives use normal odd vowels in agentive mode and even vowels in objective mode.

Past singular indicative forms have blank suffixes, while non-singulars use -𐌿- + number/person marker.

As a realis mood, indicative distinguish between past minor (in sinuglars and duals) and past major (in paucals and plurals) vowels in root-dynamic aspects.

2pSG past tense agentive and objective forms follow the spirant law where it is applicable, though the product of it never undergoes T-assimilation.

Weak Ag. past Obj. past
1pSG -(𐌸)𐌰 -(𐌸)𐌰𐌹
2pSG -(𐌸)πŒ΄πƒ -(𐌸)𐌴𐌢𐌰𐌹
3pSG -(𐌸)𐌰 -(𐌸)𐌰𐌹
1pDU -(𐌸)πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ… -(𐌸)πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ…πŒ°πŒΉ
2pDU -(𐌸)πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ -(𐌸)𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌢𐌰𐌹
3pDU -(𐌸)πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ -(𐌸)πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒπŒ°πŒΉ
1pPA -(𐌸)𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌺 -(𐌸)𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌹
2pPA -(𐌸)𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌺 -(𐌸)𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹
3pPA -(𐌸)πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ‡ -(𐌸)πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ‡πŒ°πŒΉ
1pPL -(𐌸)𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 -(𐌸)𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌹
2pPL -(𐌸)𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 -(𐌸)𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹
3pPL -(𐌸)𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 -(𐌸)𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌹

Past weak-like verbs have irregular singular forms. Other numbers are formed regularly as they behave in other moods: by attaching the strong ending to an additional suffix -𐌴𐌳-