Volitive mood

vol.

Realis-irrealis

Objective marker: -饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮

艒-grade: -饜崏-

膿-grade: -饜尨-


Volitive mood is used to express intent and volition. Unlike optative, the source of volition in volitive is also the direct subject of the verb.

As an irrealis mood, volitive is grammatically tenseless, while morphological present (I) and past (II) tenses express different submoods:

Volitive I (present volitive) is used to express strong intent, translating as English "will X" in intentional meaning. It differs from indicatives which simply state facts.

饜尮饜尳饜尶
"him"
饜尮饜崈 - he
acc.
饜尦饜尶饜尣饜尠饜崈饜崉饜崏饜崊饜尵饜尠饜崊饜尠饜崊饜尮
"I will sue"
饜尦饜尶饜崈饜崉饜崏饜崊饜尵饜尠饜尳 - to sue
W-饜尣饜尠
GenP BASE
I ag. vol. 1pSG
!
I will sue him!
饜尮饜尵饜尶
"her"
饜崈饜尮 - she
acc.
饜尡饜尮饜尣饜尠饜尣饜尮饜崉饜尠饜尮饜崊饜尠饜崊饜尮
"we two will find"
饜尡饜尮饜尣饜尮饜崉饜尠饜尳 - to find
S-VI-饜尣饜尠
Imp BASE
I obj. hyp. 1pDU
路
We will find her.
Indicates speakers' strong volition to find her.
饜尮饜尲饜尲饜尠饜尮
"to him"
饜尮饜崈 - he
dat.
饜尠虅饜尮饜崅饜尶饜尳饜尦饜尮
"message"
饜尠虅饜尮饜崅饜尶饜尳饜尦饜尮 - message
nt. ja-stem inan.
acc. sg.
饜尣饜尠饜崈饜尮饜尳饜尦饜尠饜崊饜尠饜崊饜尮
"I will send"
饜崈饜尮饜尳饜尦饜尠饜尳 - to send
S-III-饜尣饜尠
GenP BASE
I ag. vol. 1pSG
路
I will send him a message.
Indicates speaker's strong volition to send the message.

Volitive I, while indicating intent, has a very strong volitive meaning. It is therefore should not be used as a substitutive for future uses of indicative.

Volitive II (past volitive) is used to express active volition (actively seeking to do the action), translating to English "want X". It differs from constructions with the verb 饜崊饜尮饜尰饜尵饜尠饜尳, which expresses passive volition (simple existence of it).

饜崊饜尠饜崉饜尮饜尳饜崈
"water's"
饜崊饜尠饜崉饜尠饜尶饜崅 - water
nt. r/n-stem
gen. sg.
饜尦饜崅饜尶饜尣饜尯饜尵饜尠饜崊饜尠饜崊饜尮
"I want to drink"
饜尦饜崅饜尮饜尣饜尯饜尠饜尳 - to drink
S-III-饜尣饜尠
Imp BASE
II ag. vol. 1pSG
I want to drink water.
饜尡饜尶饜尰
"ticket"
饜尡饜尶饜尰 - ticket
nt. i-sc-stem inan.
acc. sg.
饜尣饜尠饜尡饜尠饜尶饜崌饜崉饜尨饜尦饜尵饜尠饜尵饜尠饜崊饜尮
"wants to buy"
饜尡饜尶饜尣饜尵饜尠饜尳 - to buy
H-II-饜尣饜尠
GenP BASE
II ag. vol. 3pSG
路
She wants to buy a ticket.
饜尮饜尳饜尠
"with him"
饜尮饜崈 - he
instr. sg.
饜尲饜尮饜尭
"with"
饜尲饜尮饜尭 - with
饜尳饜尶
"now"
饜尳饜尶 - now
饜崁饜尶饜崅饜崏饜尦饜尵饜尠饜崊饜尠饜崊饜尮
"I want to talk for some time"
饜崅饜尠饜尦饜尠饜尳 - to talk
S-VI-饜尣饜尠
DelP BASE
II ag. vol. 1pSG
路
I want to talk to him now.

As a realis-irrealis mood, when used in protases of conditional sentences (as well as in questions, some types of complex sentences, etc) volitive's realis component is being referenced, which is the fact of presence of the volition.

饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮
"if"
饜尵饜尠饜尡饜尠虅饜尮 - if
饜崈饜尠饜尮饜崈饜尰饜尨饜崁饜尨饜尮饜尪饜尠饜崊饜尮
"you one want to sleep"
饜崈饜尰饜尨饜崁饜尠饜尳 - to sleep
S-VIId1-饜尣饜尠
Imp BASE
II ag. vol. 2pSG
,
饜崋饜尠饜崊饜尮饜尳饜崈
"few"
饜崋饜尠虄饜尶饜崈 - few
a-stem
str. f. acc. pauc.
饜崍饜尨饜尮饜尰饜尮饜尳饜崈
"few hours"
饜崍饜尨饜尮饜尰饜尠 - hour
f. 艒-stem
acc. pauc.
饜崁饜尶饜崈饜崊饜尨饜崋饜崈
"please nap for some time"
饜崈饜崊饜尮饜崋饜尠饜尳 - to nap
S-V-饜尣饜尠
DelP BASE
II ag. imp. 2pSG
-
饜尲饜尮
"how about that?"
饜尲饜尮 - offer particle
路
If you want to sleep, take a nap for a few hours.
饜尲饜尮饜崈
"to me"
饜尮饜尯 - I
dat.
饜尶饜崈饜崌饜崅饜尠饜尣饜尣饜尵饜尠饜尵饜尠饜崊饜尮
"she will call"
饜崌饜崅饜尠饜尣饜尣饜尵饜尠饜尳 - to call
W-饜尶饜崈
GenP BASE
I ag. imp. 3pSG
,
饜尶饜尵饜尠虅饜尮
"right?"
饜尶饜尵饜尠虅饜尮 - tag question marker
;
She is going to call me, right?

Formation

Ag. I Ag. II Obj. I Obj. II
1pSG P-饜尠饜崊饜尠饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尵饜尠饜崊饜尠饜崊饜尮 P-饜尠饜崊饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尵饜尠饜崊饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮
2pSG P-饜尠饜尮饜尪饜尠饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尪饜尠饜崊饜尮 P-饜尠饜尮饜尪饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尪饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮
3pSG P-饜尠饜尵饜尠饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尵饜尠饜尵饜尠饜崊饜尮 P-饜尠饜尵饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尵饜尠饜尵饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮
1pDU P-饜尠饜尮饜崊饜尠饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜崊饜尠饜崊饜尮 P-饜尠饜尮饜崊饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜崊饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮
2pDU P-饜尠饜尮饜尦饜尪饜尠饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尦饜尪饜尠饜崊饜尮 P-饜尠饜尮饜尦饜尪饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尦饜尪饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮
3pDU P-饜尠饜尮饜崉饜崈饜尠饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜崉饜崈饜尠饜崊饜尮 P-饜尠饜尮饜崉饜崈饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜崉饜崈饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮
1pPA P-饜尠饜尮饜尣饜尯饜尠饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尣饜尯饜尠饜崊饜尮 P-饜尠饜尮饜尣饜尯饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尣饜尯饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮
2pPA P-饜尠饜尮饜尯饜尠饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尯饜尠饜崊饜尮 P-饜尠饜尮饜尯饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尯饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮
3pPA P-饜尠饜尮饜崌饜尠饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜崌饜尠饜崊饜尮 P-饜尠饜尮饜崌饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜崌饜尠饜尮饜崊饜尮
1pPL P-饜尠饜尮饜尲饜尠饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尲饜尠饜崊饜尮 P-饜尠饜尮饜尲饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尲饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮
2pPL P-饜尠饜尮饜尦饜尠饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尦饜尠饜崊饜尮 P-饜尠饜尮饜尦饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尦饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮
3pPL P-饜尠饜尮饜尳饜尠饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尳饜尠饜崊饜尮 P-饜尠饜尮饜尳饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮 PJ-饜尨饜尮饜尳饜尠饜尶饜崊饜尮

Volitive forms are derived from optative forms by adding reflexive -饜崊饜尮 to the end