Gnomic-iterational -(𐌺)𐍉𐌽

GNIT

Main custom root-static 4

Gnomic-iterational tense-aspect differs signifantly from other repeating aspects and has tensal and aspectual usages.

Tensal iterational usage is by far the most frequent one. It is a marker of verbal plurality and describes each action of some repeating subset, contrasting with non-GnIt verbs which describe a singular unique action.
Tensal gnomic usage marks repeating general truths. Unchanging general truths (the Sun is hot, the sky is blue, etc) use durative-static aspect instead.
Aspectual usage is rare in comparison with the tensal usages, and marks a state in which some action occurs "every time". Aspectual GnIt behaves like any other Wistrish repeating aspect.

Iterational GnIt is frequently used as a complement to repeating aspects, when it is needed to elaborate on what happens in each instance of the base repeat.

Aspectual-tensal dychotomy is observable morphologically:

In compound tenses, aspectual GnIt gets attached to the main verb, while tensal GnIt is connects to the auxilliary.
Tensal GnIt is not uses infinitives: they are limited to aspectual usage.
Tensal GnIt is always final: no aspectual suffixes can be attached after it. Aspectual GnIt on the other hand allows stacking aspects after it and most of the time has a durative-static aspect after it.

Wistrish gnomic-iterational corresponds to Gothic weak 2 verb class.

Examples: tensal iterational

𐍈𐌴𐌷

𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰

𐍇𐌰𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌷𐌴𐌸𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌸

𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍉𐌼

We go to the office every day.

𐌸𐌰𐌽

𐌲𐌿𐌻𐌻𐍉𐍄𐍃

𐌷𐌰̄𐌿𐌱𐌿𐌳

𐌼𐌹𐍃

𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹

My head hurts every time they yell.

𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰̄𐌹𐌳

𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂

𐌿𐌼𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌿

𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌳𐍉𐌶

𐌿

;

Do you take a bus after work?

Examples: tensal gnomic

𐍆𐌿𐌲𐌻𐍉𐍃

𐌸𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌳

𐌾𐌰𐌷

𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐍃

𐍃𐍅𐌿𐌼𐌼𐍉𐌽𐌳

Birds fly and fish swim.

𐌹𐍃

𐌰̄𐌹𐍅

𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌸𐌿𐌽𐍃

𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌸𐍉𐌸

He always says stupid things.

Examples: aspectual

𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰̄𐌹

𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌺𐌰̄𐌹𐌸

𐌸𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌴

𐌹𐌽𐌿

𐌽𐌹

𐌲𐌰𐌻𐍉𐌸𐍃

Do not invite him there if he fights every time.

𐌾𐌰

𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰

𐌰𐍆𐍇𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌺𐌰̄𐌹𐌸

Yes, the camera turns off every time.

Formation

Gnomic-iterational has a fixed leading vowel in all number-persons and undergoes a process called ō-gradation through different moods.

Special property of gnomic-iterational is gemination of the final consonant: if it gets attached to a bare strong or preterite-present verb ending in a singular consonant, that consonant gets doubled.

Gnomic-iterational has an aspectual linker -𐌿-.

By default, gnomic-iterational does not have an aspectual consonant. But, if there are aspects stacked after it, or if GnIt itself is preceded by durative-static, passive or even another gnomic-iterational, hidden aspectual consonant -𐌺- emerges.

Pres. part.	Past part.	Gerund	Ag. inf.	Obj. inf.
(PP)-𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐍃	(PP)-𐍉𐌽𐍃	(PP)-𐍉𐌽	(PP)-𐍉𐍄

Present participle has a-īn-stem declension.
Past participle has a-stem declension.
Gerund behaves as a feminine i-stem noun.
Gerunds and infinitives are limited to the aspectual usage.

Realis

Indicative

	Ag. pres.	Ag. past	Obj. pres.	Obj. past
1pSG	(PP)-𐍉	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌹
2pSG	(PP)-𐍉𐍃	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐍃	(PP)-𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌶𐌰𐌹
3pSG	(PP)-𐍉𐌸	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌹
1pDU	(PP)-𐍉𐍅	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍅	(PP)-𐍉𐍅𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌹
2pDU	(PP)-𐍉𐍄𐍃	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌹
3pDU	(PP)-𐍉𐍄𐍃	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃	(PP)-𐍉𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌹
1pPA	(PP)-𐍉𐌲𐌺	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌺	(PP)-𐍉𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌹
2pPA	(PP)-𐍉𐌺	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌺	(PP)-𐍉𐌺𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹
3pPA	(PP)-𐍉𐍇	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍇	(PP)-𐍉𐍇𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍇𐌰𐌹
1pPL	(PP)-𐍉𐌼	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼	(PP)-𐍉𐌼𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌹
2pPL	(PP)-𐍉𐌸	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹
3pPL	(PP)-𐍉𐌽𐌳	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽	(PP)-𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌹

Indicative forms use the vowel grade -𐍉-.

Dubitative

	Ag. pres.	Ag. past	Obj. pres.	Obj. past
1pSG	(PP)-𐌹𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹
2pSG	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍃	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍃	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌹
3pSG	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌸	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌸𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹
1pDU	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍅	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍅	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌹
2pDU	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍄𐍃	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌹
3pDU	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍄𐍃	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌹
1pPA	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌺	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌲𐌺	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌹
2pPA	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌺	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌺	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹
3pPA	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍇	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍇	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍇𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍇𐌰𐌹
1pPL	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌼	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌼	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌹
2pPL	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌸	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌸	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹
3pPL	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌽𐌳	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌽	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌹

Dubitative forms use the vowel grade -𐌹𐌿- in present.

Irrealis (subjunctive)

Optative

	Ag. pres. (I)	Ag. past (II)	Obj. pres. (I)	Obj. past (II)
1pSG	(PP)-𐍉𐍅𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐍅𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿
2pSG	(PP)-𐍉𐌶𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌶𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿
3pSG	(PP)-𐍉𐌾𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌾𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌾𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌾𐌰𐌿
1pDU	(PP)-𐍉𐍅𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐍅𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿
2pDU	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌶𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿
3pDU	(PP)-𐍉𐍄𐍃𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿
1pPA	(PP)-𐍉𐌲𐌺𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿
2pPA	(PP)-𐍉𐌺𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌿
3pPA	(PP)-𐍉𐍇𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍇𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐍇𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍇𐌰𐌿
1pPL	(PP)-𐍉𐌼𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌼𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌿
2pPL	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
3pPL	(PP)-𐍉𐌽𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌽𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌿

Optative forms use the vowel grade -𐍉-.

Hypothetical

	Ag. pres. (I)	Ag. past (II)	Obj. pres. (I)	Obj. past (II)
1pSG	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌷𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌷𐌰	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌿
2pSG	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌶𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌶𐌰	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿
3pSG	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌸𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌸𐌰	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌸𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌿
1pDU	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐍅𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐍅𐌰	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿
2pDU	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿
3pDU	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿
1pPA	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿
2pPA	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌺𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌰	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌿
3pPA	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐍇𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐍇𐌰	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐍇𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐍇𐌰𐌿
1pPL	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌼𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌼𐌰	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌿
2pPL	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌳𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
3pPL	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌽𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌰	(PP)-𐌰̃𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌿

Hypothetical forms use the vowel grade -𐌰̃𐌿- in present (I).

Conditional

Strong	Ag. pres. (I)	Ag. past (II)	Obj. pres. (I)	Obj. past (II)
1pSG	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌷𐌰	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿
2pSG	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌶𐌰	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌿
3pSG	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌸𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌸𐌰	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌸𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌸𐌰𐌿
1pDU	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍅𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍅𐌰	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌿
2pDU	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿
3pDU	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿
1pPA	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿
2pPA	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌺𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌺𐌰	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌿
3pPA	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍇𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍇𐌰	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐍇𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍇𐌰𐌿
1pPL	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌼𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌼𐌰	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌿
2pPL	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌳𐌰	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌿
3pPL	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌽𐌰	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌰	(PP)-𐌹𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌿

Conditinal forms use the vowel grade -𐌹𐌿- in present (I).

Realis-irrealis

Imperative

Strong	Ag. pres. (I)	Ag. past (II)	Obj. pres. (I)	Obj. past (II)
1pSG	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
2pSG	(PP)-𐌹𐍉	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍃	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐍂𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌶𐌰𐍂𐌹
3pSG	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
1pDU	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐍅𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
2pDU	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
3pDU	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
1pPA	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
2pPA	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
3pPA	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐍇𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍇𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐍇𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍇𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
1pPL	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌼𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
2pPL	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
3pPL	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌽𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌿	(PP)-𐌹𐍉𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹

Imperative forms use the vowel grade -𐌹𐍉- in present (I).

Volitive

Strong	Ag. pres. (I)	Ag. past (II)	Obj. pres. (I)	Obj. past (II)
1pSG	(PP)-𐍉𐍅𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
2pSG	(PP)-𐍉𐌶𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌶𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
3pSG	(PP)-𐍉𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌾𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌾𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
1pDU	(PP)-𐍉𐍅𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
2pDU	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌶𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
3pDU	(PP)-𐍉𐍄𐍃𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
1pPA	(PP)-𐍉𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
2pPA	(PP)-𐍉𐌺𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
3pPA	(PP)-𐍉𐍇𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍇𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐍇𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍇𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
1pPL	(PP)-𐍉𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
2pPL	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
3pPL	(PP)-𐍉𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PP)-𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹

Volitive forms use the vowel grade -𐍉-.