Wistrish reference

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Passive -(𐍄)𐌴𐌽

PASS

Main custom root-static 5

Passive aspect is identical in its meaning to the passive voice of other languages, marking that the subject of a sentence is the recepient of an action.

The original direct subject of a passive verb becomes indirect and is moved to the pegative case. Original indirect subject, if it was present, becomes indirect supersubject, taking pegative + 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼.

Due to the nature of passive aspect, passive verbs usually have objective mode, though agentive passives also exist in specific situations. Passive verbs are also often (though not necessarily) intransitive.

Examples

Formation

Passive, similar to gnomic-iterational, has a fixed leading vowel in all number-persons and undergoes a similar process called ē-gradation through different moods.

Even though passive uses the 5th ablaut vowel in strong and preterite-present verbs and unlike the potential adjectives, which use the same grade, passive does not mutate the final root vowel of non-ablauting verbs.

Passive has an aspectual linker -𐌹-.

Like GnIt, passsive does not have an aspectual consonant by default. But, if there are aspects stacked after it, or if passive itself is preceded by durative-static, GnIt or even another passive, hidden aspectual consonant -𐍄- emerges.

Pres. part.	Past part.	Gerund	Ag. inf.	Obj. inf.
(PS)-𐌴𐌽𐌳𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌽𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌽	(PS)-𐌴𐍄

• Present participle has a-īn-stem declension.
• Past participle has a-stem declension.
• Gerund behaves as a feminine i-stem noun.

For Gothic speakers: passive aspects is the sole source of Wistrish passive participles. Wistrish past participle, unlike Gothic, does not have a passive meaning in itself.

Realis

Indicative

	Ag. pres.	Ag. past	Obj. pres.	Obj. past
1pSG	(PS)-𐌴	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌷𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌹
2pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌶𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌶𐌰𐌹
3pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐌸	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌸𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌹
1pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐍅	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍅	(PS)-𐌴𐍅𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌹
2pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐍄𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌹
3pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐍄𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌹
1pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐌲𐌺	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌺	(PS)-𐌴𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌹
2pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐌺	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌺	(PS)-𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹
3pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐍇	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍇	(PS)-𐌴𐍇𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍇𐌰𐌹
1pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌼	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼	(PS)-𐌴𐌼𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌹
2pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌸	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹
3pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌽𐌳	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽	(PS)-𐌴𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌹

Indicative forms use the vowel grade -𐌴-.

Dubitative

	Ag. pres.	Ag. past	Obj. pres.	Obj. past
1pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹
2pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌹
3pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌸	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹
1pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍅	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍅	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌹
2pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌹
3pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌹
1pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌺	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌲𐌺	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌹
2pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌺	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌺	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌹
3pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍇	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍇	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍇𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍇𐌰𐌹
1pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌼	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌼	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌹
2pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌸	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌸	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹
3pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌳	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌽	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌹

Dubitative forms use the vowel grade -𐌴𐌹- in present.

Irrealis (subjunctive)

Optative

	Ag. pres. (I)	Ag. past (II)	Obj. pres. (I)	Obj. past (II)
1pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐍅𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐍅𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿
2pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐌶𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌶𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿
3pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐌾𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌾𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌾𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌾𐌰𐌿
1pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐍅𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐍅𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿
2pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌶𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿
3pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐍄𐍃𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿
1pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐌲𐌺𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿
2pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐌺𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌿
3pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐍇𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍇𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐍇𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍇𐌰𐌿
1pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌼𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌼𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌿
2pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
3pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌽𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌽𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌿

Optative forms use the vowel grade -𐌴-.

Hypothetical

	Ag. pres. (I)	Ag. past (II)	Obj. pres. (I)	Obj. past (II)
1pSG	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌷𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌷𐌰	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌿
2pSG	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌶𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌶𐌰	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿
3pSG	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌸𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌸𐌰	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌿
1pDU	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐍅𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐍅𐌰	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿
2pDU	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿
3pDU	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿
1pPA	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿
2pPA	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌺𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌰	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌿
3pPA	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐍇𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐍇𐌰	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐍇𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐍇𐌰𐌿
1pPL	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌼𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌼𐌰	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌿
2pPL	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌳𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
3pPL	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌽𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌰	(PS)-𐌰̃𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌿

Hypothetical forms use the vowel grade -𐌰̃𐌹- in present (I).

Conditional

Strong	Ag. pres. (I)	Ag. past (II)	Obj. pres. (I)	Obj. past (II)
1pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌷𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌿
2pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌶𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌶𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌿
3pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌸𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌸𐌰𐌿
1pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍅𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌿
2pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿
3pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿
1pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿
2pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌺𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌿
3pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍇𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍇𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐍇𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐍇𐌰𐌿
1pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌼𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌿
2pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌳𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌿
3pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌰	(PS)-𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌿

Conditinal forms use the vowel grade -𐌴𐌹- in present (I).

Realis-irrealis

Imperative

Strong	Ag. pres. (I)	Ag. past (II)	Obj. pres. (I)	Obj. past (II)
1pSG	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌷𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
2pSG	(PS)-𐌹𐌴	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍃	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐍂𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌶𐌰𐍂𐌹
3pSG	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌸𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
1pDU	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐍅𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
2pDU	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
3pDU	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
1pPA	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
2pPA	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
3pPA	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐍇𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍇𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐍇𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍇𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
1pPL	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌼𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
2pPL	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
3pPL	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌽𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌿	(PS)-𐌹𐌴𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹

Imperative forms use the vowel grade -𐌹𐌴- in present (I).

Volitive

Strong	Ag. pres. (I)	Ag. past (II)	Obj. pres. (I)	Obj. past (II)
1pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐍅𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
2pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐌶𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌶𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌶𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
3pSG	(PS)-𐌴𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌾𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌾𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌾𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
1pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐍅𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
2pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌶𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌶𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
3pDU	(PS)-𐌴𐍄𐍃𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
1pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
2pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐌺𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
3pPA	(PS)-𐌴𐍇𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍇𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐍇𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍇𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
1pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
2pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹
3pPL	(PS)-𐌴𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹	(PS)-𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍅𐌹

Volitive forms use the vowel grade -𐌴-.