Wistrish verbal aspects

Wistrsh verbal aspects are used to describe how the action occurs: at what frequency, for what length, etc. They can be classified by their grammatical properties (main and side aspects), their morphological formation (hollow aspects, a/o-aspects and custom aspects) and their influence on a strong verb ablaut.

Grammatical classification

From the grammatical standpoint, Wistrish has two groups of aspects: main and side aspects

Main aspects are never considered as their own verbs. They are always just an aspectual form of some another verb (which on its own is called the base aspect form). Main aspects display such essential properties of the verb as length of the verb or how it repeats in time.

Side aspects can sometimes be described as their own verbs (though it is not necessary). They are used to mark such secondary characteristics as transitivity, force of the action or fientivity.

Morphological classification

There are three main groups of aspects based on how they are formed:

Custom aspects have their own declension paradigm which should be learned separately.

A/o aspects are declined like a base strong verb in presend and as gnomic-iterational in the past. For comparison, pioneer of a/o-stem aspects in Gothic which has very similar formation to Wistrish a/o's were the class 4 weak verbs.

A/e aspect is the only one, but due to its similarity to the formation of a/o-aspects it is considered a "regular" aspect.

Hollow aspects are declined identically to the hollow verbs. In itself, the hollow aspect group is divided into hollow I aspects and hollow II aspects (or hollow j-presents), which matches the division of the hollow verbs into classes I and II.

Non-custom aspects have basically identical declension paradigms and only differ by the initial consonant of the aspectual suffix.

Ablaut classification

Depending on how they affect the ablaut of a strong verb, apects are divided into root-dynamic (undergo full ablauting depending on the mood/tense/number) and root-static (have a fixed ablauting vowel in all tenses).

Root-static aspects on their own can be divded into three main groups based on which ablaut vowel they use: root-static 2 (use past singular / 2nd vowel), root-static 3 (use past singular / 3rd vowel), root-static 4 (use passive past participle / gnomic-iterational / 4th vowel) and root-static 5 (use vrddhi / passive / 5th vowel). No root-static aspect uses the 1st or the present vowel.

For Gothic speakers (or for people who knows germanic linguistics well): note that the vowel of root-static aspects usually don't match with the original vowel that the original suffixes used.

Aspect lists

Main aspects

Base aspect / null aspect BASE (custom root-dynamic) -𐌰𐌽

generally marks that the verb does not have any other aspect. In strong verbs it just corresponds to the standard strong verb forms. Base aspect verbs are always singular (they consist of only one action) and generally due to abscence of any durative aspect mark short and directed actions / states.
Durative-temporary DUTE (hollow I root-dynamic) -𐌱𐌰𐌽

marks a directless action that lasts for a while (though considerably less than a stative-durative action and frequently mostly observable on one occasion). Within a timeframe states that the action / state occupied a large chunk of the time.
Durative-static DUST (custom root-dynamic) -𐌰̄𐌽

Marks an unchanging (static) action / state that lasts for a very long time (observable on multiple occasions). If a timeframe is specified, durative-static actions / state occupy the entire timeframe and often exceed it. Corresponds to Gothic weak 3 verb class.

Gnomic-iterational GNIT (custom root-static 4) -(𐌺)𐍉𐌽

When used aspectually (usually when there are aspects stacked after it: bare aspectual gnomic-iterational is quite rare) marks a state where the action occurs every time (what exactly is considered as "every time" is defined by the context). Corresponds to Gothic weak 2 verb class.
Passive PASS (custom root-static 5) -(𐍄)𐌴𐌽

Used to mark a passive voice of a verb (the fact the subject is the recepient of an action), as separate voice category does not exist in Wistrish.

Iterative ITER (a/o root-static 3) -𐍂𐌰𐌽

Marks a monotone repeating action: repeats immediately follow each other without any significant gaps.
Distributive DIST (a/o root-static 3) -𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽

Used when an action is applied to multiple objects to stress that each object was interracted individually and not in parallel to each other.

Distributive aspect should not be confused with the unparallel style-prefix 𐍀𐌰-, which accompanies perfectives and marks that some action was commited by multiple subjects one by one.
Frequentative FREQ (a/o root-static 3) -𐌻𐌰𐌽

Marks a regularly repeating action. Unlike iterative, frequentative repeats have significant gaps between each other.
Occurative OCCU (hollow I root-static 3) -𐍃𐌰𐌽

Marks a potentially repeating action. In vacuum, ocurrative marks that the action may happen, but due to speaker not choosing frequentative, ocurrative often states that the action does not occur regularly (but still occurs).

Side aspets

Causative-inceptive CAIN (custom root-static 2) -𐌾𐌰𐌽

Adds transitivity / causality to the verb, marks an action which made the action object do the original state/action (state/action described by non-causative forms).
Causative-durative CADU (hollow I root-static 2) -𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽

Similarly to causative-inceptive, causative-durative add causality, but while causative-inceptive just initializes the original state/action, causative-durative goes in parallel to the it and continuosly supports it.

Fientive FIEN (a/o root-static 4) -𐌽𐌰𐌽

Marks transitional action to the orginal action.
Cessative CESS (a/e root-static 4) -𐍀𐌰𐌽

Marks transition out of the orginal action.

Intensive INTE (hollow II root-static 4) -𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽

Marks that the action was done very much with additional force.
Diminutive DIMI (hollow II root-static 4) -𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽

Marks that the action was done not much, lacking in force.